RESPIRATORY

what are the 4 principles of gas exchange?

1. partial pressures of gases

2. surface to volume ratios

3. ventilation

4. transport proteins

do gases move from areas of high to low pressure or low to high pressure?

high to low

where is the oxygen presure higher, atmosphere or lungs?

lungs

where is carbon dioxide pressure higher, atmosphere or body (blood)?

blood

is it true that the larger surface area, the slower the rate of exchange?

false, faster

What organisms can exchange gas through the skin?

small organisms

Why can small organisms do gas exchange through skin?

Because they have high surface to volume ratio- thin to flat

How do gills or lungs accomplish a large surface area?

with gill filaments or lung alveoli

what principle of gas exchange can be described as a movement of fluid or air around gas exchanging tissues?

ventilation

what is the definition of ventilation?

Movement of fluid or air around gas exchanging tissues

What is the transport protein in RBC that carries oxygen?

hemoglobin

what is the main gas molecule that hemoglobin carries?

oxygen

at what concentration of carbon dioxide does it bind to hemoglobin? at what concentration of oxygen does it release from hemoglobin?

high, low

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

bound to hemoglobin in RBC’s

How is the carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

as bicarbonate

what 2 ways are smaller amounts of carbon dioxide transported?

1. dissolved in blood

2. bound to hemoglobin

what are the parts of the respiratory system in order?

nose/mouth» pharynx» larynx» trachea» bronchi» bronchioles» alveolar sac

what are the sacs at the end of the bronchioles called?

alveolar sacs

what are the alveolar sacs surrounded by?

capillaries

what fuses allow gas exchange?

epithelium of the lung fuses to the lining of the capillary

what are the 2 parts of the respiratory cycle?

exhalation and inhalation

what 4 things occur during exhalation?

1. diaphragm relaxes

2. thoracic cavity shrinks

3. lung volume decreases, pressure increases

4. air flows down pressure gradient and out of lungs

what 5 things occur during inhalation?

1. diaphragm constricts

2. external intercostal muscles contract

3. volume of thoracic cavity increases; pressure decreases

4. lungs expand

5. air flows down pressure gradient into lungs