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Lengua A
Maternal language or Strongest language
Lengua B
2nd strongest language, not as strong as Lengua A - translator determines Lengua A & B
Lengua C
Language understood without difficulty but can't write at same level- only translate from Lengua C to Lengua A or B
Texto Original (TO)
Starting language of document
Texto Meta (TM)
Translated Document
Traducción
Written expression of other languages; books
Interpretación
Oral discussion
Traducción Directa
Translating from weak language to strongest language; Lengua B to Lengua A
Traducción Inversa
Translate from strongest language to weakest; Lengua A to Lengua C
Intralingual
Translating from one language to the same language
Interlingual
Translating from one language to another language
Intersemiotic
Translating from verbal to non-verbal
Competencia temátic/disciplinar
Understand basic concepts of different themes or specialties
Competencia textual
Understanding and analyzing texts correctly in the original and translated language
Competencia de conocimentos de traducción
Understand how the process of translating works and apply that to translating work
Competencia billingúe y bicultural
Ability to speak two languages while understanding the culture, traditions, and social rules
Competencia interpersonles y sistémicas
Ability to work well with other people and stay organized during translation
Competencia ténica
Ability for translators to use resources and technology when needed
Competencia investigadora
Ability for translators to research and find important information while translating
Técnicas de igualdad
Traducción literal, Préstamo, Calco, Neologismo
Traducción Literal
Word for word, used when the structure of two languages are the same
Préstamo
A word that is taken from another language without translating it, aka a foreign word
Ex. Football --> Fútbol
Cursive
When the word isn't in any dictionaries we write it in cursive
Calco
The literal translation of a word from another language...
Ex. Football --> Balompié
Neologismo
Used for foreign phrases/sayings
Técnicas de sustitución
Transposición, Modulación, Equivalencia, Adaptación
Transposición
Changes the grammetical category...
Ex. Adjective to Verb
Modulación
Activa-pasiva, Metáforas, Negación de lo Contrario
Modulación Activa-Pasiva
Ex. I was told to... Me dijeron que
Modulación Metáforas
Ex. Estoy sudnando como un pollo... I am sweating like a pig
Modulación Negación de lo contrario
Ex. No mientas... Tell the truth, No corras... Be on time
Equivalencia
Used for proverbs and sayings
Ex. When it rains, it pours... Simpre llueve sobre mojado
Adaptación
Used in situations where the concept its now in the translated language
Ex. Nocilla vs. Nutella
Técnicas de Omisión
Reducción, Condensación, Generalización, Compensación
Técnicas de Omisión: Reducción
Translated text has less words then the original text
Ex. Consumir preferentemente antes de... Best by
Técnicas de Omisión: Condensación
Omision of ideas
Ex. La reina Isabel II de Inglaterra... Queen Elizabeth II
Técnicas de Omisión: Generalización
When they cant maintain the level of specificity as the original text so they use a generalized term instead
Ex. Moscow Mule... Cocktail
Técnicas de adición
Expansión, Amplificación, Particulariación
Técnicas de adición: Expansión
More words in the transaltion then the orginal text
Ex. Plastic bag container... Contendedor para bloases de plástico
Técnicas de adición: Amplificación
To amplify or explain in more depth a concept or idea
Ex. Black Friday... el día cuando las tiendas ofrecen muchos descuentos
Técnicas de adición: Particularización
Translation is more specific then the orginal text was
Ex. The teacher is sick today.. La maestra está enferma hoy
Compensación
Parts of the orignal text have been lost through the translation
Ex. Me encanta mi profesora de matemáticas... I love my math professor