Parasitology Lab Exam 3

African Sleeping Sickness

Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense/gambiense

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/gambiense Life Cycle

1. Tsetse fly bites human; Metacyclic Trypomastigotes injected

2. Trypomastigotes form

3. Binary Fission

4. Acute phase

5. Procyclic trypomastigotes form in midgut

6. Binary fission

7. Leave midgut; transform to epimastigotes

8. Epimastigotes multiply in salivary gland

9. Transform to Metacyclic trypsomastigotes

What trypsomastigote is this?

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/gambiense

What is the infective stage in T. b. rhodesiense/gambiense

Tsetse fly bites human; injects Metacyclic Trypomastigotes

What is the diagnostic stage of T. b. rhodesiense/gambiense

Acute phase of trypomasstigotes

What is the vector for T. b. rhodesiense/gambiense

Glossina sp. (Tsetse fly)

What is this pathological slide indicitive of?

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/gambiense

Chagas disease

Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi Life Cycle

1. Triatome bug bites human; passes Metacyclic trypomastigotes via feces

2. Enters cells → amastigotes

3. Binary fission

4. Amastigotes → Trypomastigotes; burst out of cell

5. Triatome bug bites human; ingests Trypomastigotes

6. Epimastigotes in midgut

7. Binary fission

8. Metacyclic trypomastigotes in hindgut

Infective stage of Trypanosoma cruzi

Triatome bug bites human; passes metacyclic trypomastigotes via feces

Diagnostic stage of Trypanosoma cruzi

Amastigotes → Trypomastigotes; burst out of cell

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Leishmania donovani

Cutaneous Leshimaniasis

Leshimania mexicana

Leishmania sps. Life Cycle

1. Sand fly bites human; injects Promastigote

2. Promastigotes phagocytized by macrophages

3. Promastigote → Amastigote

4. Binary fission

5. Sandfly bites human; ingests infected macrophages

6. Amastigote → Promastigote in midgut

7. Binary fission; migration to proboscis

Infective stage Leishmania sps.

Sandfly bites human; injects Promastigote

Diagnostic stage Leishmania sps.

Binary fission in various cells

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle

1. Cysts and Trophozoites in feces

2. Mature Cysts ingested

3. Excystation

4. Trophozoite forms

5. Binary fission

6. Encystation; cyst exits

Infective/Diagnostic stage Entamoeba histolytica

Cysts and Trophozoites in feces

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite size

12-60 um

Entamoeba histolytica Motility

Hyaline pseudopodia

Entamoeba hsitolytica nucleus

1

T/F: Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites can have RBC’s in them when viewed

True

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst size/shape

10-20 um / Spherical

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Nuclei

Mature = 4, Immature = 1-2

Non-pathogenic; resides in gastrointestinal tract

Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba coli Life Cycle

Same as Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba coli Trophozoite size

15-50 um

Entamoeba coli Trophozoite motility

Sluggish, nondirectional; Blunt, granular pseudopodia

Entamoeba coli Trophozoite nucleus

One; often visible unstained

Entamoeba coli Cyst size

10-35 um

Entamoeba coli shape

Usually spherical

Entamoeba coli Cyst Nuclei

Mature = 8+, Immature = 2+

Generally non-pathogenic; Associated with intestinal infections in immunocompromised individuals

Endolimax nana

Endolimax nana Life Cycle

Same as Entamoeba histolytica

Endolimax nana Trophozoite size

6-12 um

Endolimax nana Trophozoite motility

Sluggish; usually non-progressive

Endolimax nana Trophozoite nucleus

One; occasionally visible unstained

Endolimax nana Cyst size/shape

5-10 um / Usually oval

Endolimax nana Cyst Nuclei

Mature = 4, Immature = 2

Generally non-pathogenic; Can cause gastro issues in immunocompromised individuals

Iodamoeba butschlii

Iodamoeba butschlii Life Cycle

Same as Entamoeba histolytica

Iodamoeba butschlii Trophozoite Size

8-20 um

Iodamoeba butschlii Trophozoite Motility

Sluggish; usually nonprogressive

Iodamoeba butschlii Trophozoite Nuclei

One; usually not visible unstained

Iodamoeba butschlii Cyst size/shape

5-20 um / Oval or round

Iodamoeba butschlii Cyst Nuclei

Mature cyst = 1

Non-pathogenic; found in oral cavity

Entamoeba gingivalis

Entamoeba gingivalis Life Cycle

1. Trophozoite

   1. Passes via direct oral contact (kissing, sharing utensils, etc.)

Entamoeba gingivalis Trophozoite size

10-20 um

Entamoeba gingivalis Motility

Agranular pseudopodia

Entamoeba gingivalis Nuclei

One

Causes Sever Keratitis (eyes), Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) in respiratory tract or skin, Disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals

Acanthamoeba spp.

Acanthamoeba spp. Life Cycle

1. Cyst

2. Trophozoite

3. Mitosis

4. Amebae enter 3 ways

   1. Eyes

   2. Nose → Respiratory tract

   3. Ulcerated/broken skin

5. Keratitis if in eyes

6. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) if in respiratory tract or skin

7. Disseminated disease if in immunocompromised individuals

Infective stage of Acanthamoeba spp.

Trophozoite

Diagnostic stage of Acanthamoeba spp.

Cysts / Trophozoites found in tissue

Acanthamoeba spp. Trophozoite characteristics

Acanthapodia (Thin, spine like projections)

Brain eating amoeba; Causes Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

Naegleria fowleri - Ameboflagellate

Naegleria fowleri Life Cycle

1. Cyst

2. Trophozoite

   1. Promitosis

3. Flagellated form

4. Water enters nose; Amebae penetrate nasal mucosa

5. Amebae migrate to brain via olfactory nerves

Infective stage of Naegleria fowleri

Trophozoite

Diagnostic stage of Naegleria fowleri

Trophozoites in CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid) and brain

Balantidiasis

Balantidium coli

Balantidium coli Life Cycle

1. Cyst

2. Ingested via contaminated water/food

3. Trophozoite

4. Binary fission

5. Encystation on way to colon

Balantidium coli Trophozoite Shape

Ovoid; anterior tapering

Balantidium coli Trophozoite Motility

Ciliates: rotary and boring

Balantidium coli Trophozoite Nuclei

One; kidney shaped

T/F: Balantidium coli is not covered in cilia

False

T/F: Balantidium coli stains pink

True

Balantidium coli Cyst Size/Shape

50-70 um / Spherical or oval

Balantidium coli Cyst Nuclei

One large macronucleus, one micronucleus

T/F: Balantidium coli cyst does not stain pink

False

Infective/Diagnostic stage of Balantidium coli

Cyst