7- Energy and Nutrient relations

1. solar radiation

2. organic molecules

3. inorganic molecules

three main sources of energy

Energy

capacity of a system to perform work

Red fox

Top of NL food web

1. phytoplankton

2. zooplankton

3. juveniles and other marine larvae

4. carnivorous marine invertebrates

5. 
   

trophic levels for herring:

Autotroph

Inorganic sources of carbon and energy

Photosynthetic

uses carbon dioxide as source of carbon and solar radiation as energy

Chemosynthetic

uses inorganic molecules as source of carbon and energy

Heterotroph (e.g., animals, fungi)

organic sources of carbon and energy

Detritivores

Organisms that feed on nonliving organic matter (leaf litter, feces, carcasses)

senesces

90% of primary production is not consumed by herbivores- it ____

Herbivores

organisms eat plants

high ratio

relative C:N ratio in woody tissue of pine trunks and branches

lower. similar to that of herbaceous plants growing int the forest understory

Relative C:N ratio in pine needles

Carnivores

Organisms eat living animals, consume that is nutritionally rich and similar to their body composition

Omnivores

organisms that feed on living plants and animals

Autotrophs

at the base of food webs

prokaryotes (heterotrophic, photosynthetic, AND chemosynthetic)

which draws on a greater variety of energy sources: prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Photosynthetically active radiation

visible light that fuels photosynthesis

littoral zone

area of coat surface that is closest to shore

photic zone

zone at top of ocean

benthic zone

zone below photic zone

Limnetic zone

zone further out than littoral zone

nutrient. (about 25)

any chemical essential for the growth of living organisms

growth is determined by the resource that is in shortest supply

Liebig’s law of the minimum states that

Predatory animals hunt, capture, and ingest their prey. each takes time.

Describe the animal functional response:

as photosynthetic flux density increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until it levels off at some maximum rate

relationship between net photosynthesis and proton flux density

Light compensation point (LCP)

the light intensity at which photosynthesis = respiration

Isat

the light intensity at which the photosynthetic system is saturated

Type 1: Linear

Type 2: Steep increase

Type 3: slow response until rapid

Three curves of prey density bs food intake per unit time:

Acquiring resources

If resources are limited, natural selection will favour individuals that are more effective at: