EXAM 3 PALM 203

Which of the following cell types is/are located in lymph nodes to remove pathogens (bacteria and viruses) from the lymph before it returns to the venous system?

both lymphocytes and phagocytic cells

The lymphatic and immue systems are closely related to the cardiovascular system.

True

Which one of the following structures is drained by the thoracic duct?

right lower limb

Which one of the following is the CORRECT order of vessels that lymph travels from a tissue to the venous system?

capillaries, collecting vessels, trunks, ducts

Which one of the following structures is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

right chest region

Which one of the following choices is the location where the thoracic duct drains into the venous system?

junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins

Which one of the following structures of the lymphatic system is the smallest vessel to receive lymph?

lymphatic capillaries

Which one of the following structures DOES NOT have lymphatic drainage?

eyeballs

Which one of the following choices is the CORRECT direction lymph flows throughout the body?

direction of venous blood flow

Which one of the following terms defines the inflammation of a lymph node due to an injury or infection?

lymphadenitis

Which one of the following areas IS NOT drained by the right lymphatic duct?

right lower limb

Which one of the following trunks drains lymph from the head and neck region of the body?

jugular

The main function of the lymphatic system is to protect our bodies from foreign organisms by fighting infections and developing immunity to the disease.

False

Which one of the following terms is used to describe the accumulation of excess fluid (swelling) due to a blockage in the lymphatic system preventing the drainage of lymph from a particular body region?

lymphedema

Which one of the following choices is how lymph is transported through the lymphatic system?

valves

bulging of contracting skeletal muscles

pulsation of nearby arteries

contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatic vessels

What percentage of lymph from the lateral portion of a breast drains into axillary (armpit) lymph nodes?

75

Which one of the following veins is an unpaired vessel that drains venous blood DIRECTLY into the superior vena cava?

azygos vein

Which one of the following choices is a bean-shaped structure located along the lymphatic vessels and is responsible for filtering lymph?

lymph nodes

How many lymphatic trunks are located in the lymphatic system of the human body?

5

What two vessels join together to drain venous blood directly into the superior vena cava?

right brachiocephalic and left brachiocephalic veins

Which one of the following tonsils is located in the posterior, superior wall of the nasopharynx?

pharyngeal

Which one of the following lymphoid organs is the largest?

spleen

Which one of the following tonsils is located at the posterior margin of the oral cavity along the boundary of the pharynx to the soft palate and is commonly infected and removed during childhood?

palatine

Which one of the following IS NOT a lymphoid organ?

liver

Which one of the following lymphoid organs functions to produce lymphocytes?

bone marrow and thymus

Which one of the following cells types provides a key defense of the immune system?

lymphocytes

Which one of the following structures is a component of the immune system?

lymphocytes

lymphoid tissues

lymphoid organs

lymphoid nodules

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is located in which of the following body systems?

digestive

respiratory

urinary

reproductive

Each lymphocyte recognizes and acts against ______.

antigens

Which one of the following lymphoid organs begins to atrophy during adolescence and is replaced by a fibrous and fatty tissue?

thymus

Which one of the following structures IS NOT a nasal conchae?

lateral

Which one of the following is the largest paranasal sinus?

Which one of the following regions of the pharynx goes from the level of the hyoid bone to the lower border of the larynx and is an area continuous with the esophagus?

laryngopharynx

Which one of the following structures is located in the nasal cavity and is covered with a thick respiratory mucous designed to warm and humidify the air as it passes through the cavity?

concha

The larynx connects the _____ with the _____.

pharynx, trachea

Which one of the following structures is another name for throat?

pharynx

Which one of the following structures separates the nasal and oral cavities?

palate

You can swallow and breathe at the same time.

False

Which one of the following regions of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils and the opening of the auditory tube?

nasopharynx

Which one of the following paranasal sinuses is located between the orbits and contains air cells?

ethmoidal

Which one of the following IS NOT a paranasal sinus?

respiratory

Which one of the following regions of the pharynx goes from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone and houses both the palatine/lingual tonsils?

oropharynx

What is the anatomical name for the voice box?

larynx

Which one of the following structures hoods the laryngeal opening to prevent entry of food and drink into the respiratory passages when swallowing?

epiglottis

Which one of the following structures is located in the larynx and is responsible for producing sound used in speech?

true vocal folds

Which one of the following structures is the location of gas exchange in the lungs?

alveoli

If a tear occurs in the thoracic wall and air enters the pleural cavity, this is a pathological condition called a ______.

pneumothorax

Which one of the following IS NOT included in the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

primary bronchi

Which one of the following structures is a serous lining located on the internal surface of the thoracic wall?

parietal pleura

Which one of the following choices IS NOT a characteristic of the respiratory mucosa?

functions as an air- blood barrier between alveolus and capillary

Which one of the following symptoms is a result of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

increased cough

increased mucus production

shortness of breath

poor airflow

Which one of the following vessels supplies oxygenated blood to structures comprising the root of the lung, the supporting tissues of the lungs and the visceral pleura?

bronchial artery

Which one of the following vessels supplies the de-oxygenated blood to the lungs?

pulmonary artery

The left lung has two lobes that are separated by an oblique fissure.

True

An inhaled peanut is MORE LIKELY to become lodged in the right main bronchi because it is wider, shorter and more vertical in position.

True

Which one of the following conditions refers to damaged air sacs in the alveoli?

emphysema

All divisions of the bronchial tree have a substantial amount of elastic connective tissue, which is important in expelling air from the lungs.

True

Which one of the following conditions is when blood enters the pleural cavity in a pathological condition?

hemothorax

Which one of the vessels drains the oxygenated blood from the lungs?

pulmonary vein

Which one of the following is the CORRECT pathway a molecule of oxygen would travel from the nasal cavity to the capillaries of the lung?

pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

The left primary bronchus is wider, shorter and runs more vertical in position.

False

Which one of the following IS TRUE about pseudostratified tracheal epithelium?

cells rest on a basement membrane

cells are both short and tall

nuclei appear at different heights

false impression epithelium is stratified

Which one of the following functions is provided by the cilia of the tracheal epithelium?

removes mucus

Which one of the following functions defines the significance of the human trachea being reinforced by cartilaginous rings?

supports the trachea by keeping it open during breathing

What is the significance of the cartilaginous rings being incomplete (open) on the posterior portion of the trachea?

allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly during swallowing

What type of cartilage forms the Adam's Apple (laryngeal prominence) of the larynx?

thyroid

Which one of the following structures forms the hood or lid of the the larynx?

epiglottis

The left lungs has two lobes that are separated by a single oblique fissure.

True

Which one of the following IS NOT a function of the mucosa located in the nasal cavity?

nutrition

Which one of the following IS NOT a function of the visceral and parietal pleurae of the pleural cavity?

allows for gas exchange in the lungs

Which one of the following structures is located at the level where the mediastinum is divided into the superior and inferior divisions?

sternal angle

The lungs are located in the lateral pleural cavities of the thorax.

True

Which one of the following structures IS NOT located in the mediastinum?

lungs

The central region of the thorax is called the mediastinum.

True

Anatomical structures can travel through more than one division of the mediastinum.

True

Which one of the following mediastinal divisions houses the arch of the aorta?

superior

Which one of the following mediastinal divisions houses the heart?

middle

Which one of the following mediastinal divisions houses the lower esophagus?

posterior

How many divisions is the inferior division of the mediastinum further divided into?

3

Which one of the following mediastinal divisions houses a lung?

none

Which one of the following structures is a region of the aorta?

ascending aorta

arch of aorta

descending aorta

thoracic aorta

abdominal aorta

What part/region of the aorta travels downward against the posterior thoracic wall to the left of the vertebral column?

descending thoracic

Which one of the following structures is a muscle of respiration that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

diaphragm

Which one of the following structures passes through the diaphragm most anterior in position?

inferior vena cava

Which one of the following structures is the largest systemic artery of the body that carries oxygenated blood?

aorta

The descending abdominal aorta is located above the diaphragm.

False

What part/region of the aorta travels upward when leaving the left ventricle of the heart?

ascending

Which one of the following structures is a tube that carries food from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach?

esophagus

Which one of the following structures is a large systemic vein of the body that drains deoxygenated blood?

inferior vena cava

Which one of the following structures DOES NOT pass through the diaphragm?

trachea

How many thoracic vertebrae are located in the thoracic region of the vertebral column?

12

Which one of the following structures IS NOT located within the thorax?

stomach

The left lung has three lobes and is divided by an oblique and horizontal fissures.

False

The parietal serous layer lines the pleural cavity and is adherent to the internal portion of the thoracic wall.

True

Which one of the following bones IS NOT a component of the thorax?

clavicle

Which one of the following structures travels through the costal groove (located on inferior border) of a rib to supply an intercostal space?

all of the above

Which one of the following choices occurs in the thoracic cavity during inspiration?

diaphragm moves downward

The space located between the parietal and visceral layers is called the ________ and under normal conditions is considered a ______ space.

pleural cavity, potential

The intercostal neurovascular bundle (vein, artery and nerve) travels between what two muscle layers of the intercostal space?

internal and innermost

Which one of the following terms is a specific location where structures enter and exit the lung?

root