Anatomy Assessment

Long Bone

longer than wide - femur, humerus, tibia

Short Bone

length and width the same - carpals and tarsal

Irregular Bone

complex, odd shapes and sizes - vertebrae, and bones of the skull

Flat Bone

large plates - scapula, and bones of the skull

Sesamoid Bone

small bones embedded within tendons - patella

Accessory Bone

found in feet where bones do not fuse - not a fracture nor extra bone

Epiphysis

ends

Spongy Bone

ends where nutrients and blood and nerve supply enters bone

Epiphyseal Plate

growth plate

Diaphysis

shaft main part of bone

Compact Bone

dense, hard part of bone

Medullary Cavity

hollowed area of bones, blood cell storage and aids in bone strength

Periosteum

membrane that surrounds bone and contains nerves and capillaries

Meniscus

found at the ends of bones, shock absorbers, bone to bone fit and reduces friction

Condyle

widened area at end of bones

Tubercle

bumps, raised areas

Tuberosities

bumps, raised areas

Foramen

hole through a bone

Fossa

hollowed out area

Spine

elongated part of a bone

Notch

carved out area that allowed nerves and arteries to pass around bones

Invertebral Disc

tough, fibrous shock absorbers between each vertebrae

Ruptured Disc

completely blown out

Herniated Disc

bulging

Lordosis

curvature in the lumbar area

Kyphosis

curvature in the thoracic area

Scoliosis

right or left curve

Fibrous Joint

immovable - sutures of the skull

Cartilaginous Joint

slightly movable - vertebrae

Synovial Joint

freely moving

Synovial Fluid

provides a thin film of fluid over the articulating surface for smooth action as the bones mover over one another

Uniaxial Joint

movement in one plane of motion - flexion/extension - elbow - hinge joint

Biaxial Joint

movement in two planes of motion - flexion/extension/adduction/abduction - carpal/radius/ulna articulation

Triaxial Joint

movement in three planes of motion - ball and socket - hip/shoulder

Nonaxial Joint

sliding action - carpals/tarsals

Sprain

ligament tear

Strain

muscle tear

Subluxation

dislocation that reduces by itself

Arthritis

any joint inflammation/irritation

Tendonitis

inflammation/irritation of tendon and/or tendon sheath

Bursitis

inflammation.irritation of a bursa sac which is a sac of water located between bone and soft tissue

Osteoporosis

a disease characterized by a widening of the normal channels within bones, resulting in increased porosity and softness

Osteomalacia

bones do not calcify or develop due to diet restriction during developmental years. Vitamin D deficiency, lack of calcium and poverty conditions