paintings for impressionism midterm

L'enlèvement des Sabines, 1640 by Nicolas Poussin - under louis the 16th

• Center of city, moment of captains signal (red raised arm) - trap 

• Visual pairs, men with women, old women on knees, compositional harmony and organization, posed, linear perspective, anatomical perfection/idealization

• initial violent abduction, contratrary to David’s painted in 1799 which shows the women stopping the war between the men - men of the city fighting to get the women back

• Primary colors

• Classical theme from antiquity- roman and greek history 

• classisism

David (Neo-classicism) - L’enlèvement des Sabines 1799 - Louis 16th 

• painted a different side to the Sabine’s story than Poussin

• scene is outside of the city - battefield where men of the city are fighting to get the women back - years after the initial abduction - babies in the foreground

• hersilia stopping the fight between men - female hysteria

• n*dity as the motif of the perfect body - soldiers would not typically be naked - intellectual concept instead of realistic depiction

• sign of rome on the man’s shield

• neo-classicism - still painting themes from antiquity with new connotations

David(Neo-classicism), Le Serment Des horaces, 1784- Louis 16th 

• composition is divided in thirds, strength and rigidity is depicted through lines in the body - the difference in strength of the stance in the men also depicts their fate

• contrasts to the softness of the women with their curved bodies

• woman is crying because her husband does not return - message to say one should be ready to lose the closest people to you in war - man in front is a symbol of french nationalism?

• Horatii brothers and father, one standing closest to us survives is cursed by woman because he killed her husband

• three brothers swear an oath to their father to conquer or die for rome

Jaques- Louis David - Autoportrait au luxembourg, 1794 

• depicting himself with his palette to say that all he is is a painter, an intentional choice as political tensions rise, he is saying he should not be held in a political regard

• during reign od terror - political purges and violent executions

David - Le couronnement de l’empereur 1805-07

• propoganda painting commissioned by Napolean 1st, napolean took the crown and declared himseld monarch, pope is there because it was held in notre dame but napolean doesn’t even let the pope crown him

• national, political, and military figures to show shupport that was not entirely universal, but central to powerful figures

• Napoleon stages crown above the pope

Jean- Dominique Ingres- Oedipe et les sphinx 1808

• scandalized because of breasts on the sphinx

• retells the story of oedipus confronting the sphinx and answering the riddles correctly

• ingres - perfect idealizations - the way oedipis is hunched over feels unnatural and rejects the standard perfect idealization

• severed human foot and bones to display power of the sphinx - its capabilities

Jean- Auguste- dominique Ingres - Louis-Francois Bertin, 1832

• Classical portraiture, mimesis, glowing skin

• Oil painting mastery and perfection 

Ingres - La grande Odalisque - 1814

• Anatomical inaccuracy with back and legs, altered for stylistic grace - criticized in salon for lack of classical realism 

• Perfection of skin and again no trace of brushstroke 

• Orientalism painting, western lens of east 

• Bridge in some ways between neo-claccism and romanticism

Ingres - Le Bain Turc, 1848-1863 

• Scene of turkish bathhouse

• Scandalized bc of lesbians in foreground, commissioned by napoleon 1st but then rejected bc of scandal 

• Transformed into circular frame in 1860 

Delacroix - Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement -1834 

• Seeing stylistic shift towards romanticism, women's faces, lighting of apartment - complementary colors 

• More dignified depictions of women in northern africa 

Gericault - the Raft of Medusa -1818

• seen as the first romanticist painting in france

• question of cannibalism tied to the story of men abroad ship who died, bring in an empathetic aspect to what the men went through, first peron encounter with experience of being on the shipwreck

• line of death to life in the triangular composition of image, Gericault utilized body parts of the morgues to paint

• Black man is at the top of the triangular compositions, denouncing slavery, uplifting black man as flag waver, anti-slavery sentiment

• philsopher in the foreground, father holding dead son

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Delacroix- the death of Sarandapalus - 1827 

• foot in foreground and women’s slipper/heel disrespect the linar perspective

• romanticist for the effect of chaos in the painting

• intensity and vividness of color to heighten mood - pull of lightness and darkness

• horse coming out of nowhere - impossible

• doesn’t paint chaos exactly as it is but paints to create the sensation of chaos

Delacroix - Liberty Leading the People - 1830 

• Again painting for sensation over mimesis, light and dark

• Nudity to reveal liberty as a metaphor not real woman 

• Scale of painting used to merge present with historical - unifying freedom of current moment with historical past

• Unity amongst different members of society, tophat, worker

• different hats = different social classes

• romanticism

• feeling of revolution

• revolution july 1830, overthrowing king charles X

Corot - a pond in picardie - 1867 

• plein air paniting, immersed in the environment that you are depicted

• tubes of paint invented in 1850 which allowed for art to be done outside instead of just in the studio

• outdoor easel also invented 1850

• mundane and unidealized versions of nature compared to classicism and romanticism, nature not just as a picture but a sensorium, nature itself as the scene

• NATURALISM

• Barbizon school - group of paintins (corot, millet, rousseau) who worked outdoors, inspired by monet and renoir

Barbizon school

1830s-1870s - Group of painters consisting of corot, millet, and rousseau who painted outside and were inspired by painters like Monet and Renoir. Naturalists

Industrialization

1830s-50s

• creation of social classes - capitalism moves into cities

• Poorer peasants out of money and massive landowners privileged by gov 

• Idealization of progress and the increase in pacing of history 

• Bourgeois as a fad- depicted as natural, innocent and simple