VN 100 Pharmacology Made Easy 5.0 The Gastrointestinal System Test Questions and answers - Unitek College

A nurse is caring for a client who has inflammatory bowel disease

The client is a 58-year-old male who reports bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain for 3 days. States pain as 9 on a scale of 0 to 10.

history of asthma

BUN

creatinine are elevated

Hgb and Hct are below the expected ranges for a male client

A nurse should recognize that misoprostol is contraindicated for a client who has which of the following conditions?

A seizure disorder

Rheumatoid arthritis

A positive pregnancy test

Heart failure

A positive pregnancy test

Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, is a teratogenic medication. It can cause uterine contractions and induce spontaneous abortion. Therefore, providers must confirm that clients are not pregnant before prescribing the medication and clients who take misoprostol must use contraception.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for famotidine to treat GERD. The nurse should instruct the client to wait at least 1 hr between taking famotidine and which of the following over-the-counter medications?

Ginkgo biloba

Antidiarrheals

St. John's wort

Antacids

Antacids

Antacids can decrease the absorption of famotidine, a histamine2-receptor antagonist. The nurse should instruct the client to wait at least 1 hr between taking famotidine and taking an antacid.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for methotrexate. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for manifestations of which of the following conditions?

Hepatotoxicity

Constipation

Insomnia

Hirsutism

Hepatotoxicity

An adverse effect of methotrexate is hepatotoxicity. The nurse should instruct the client to report abdominal pain and jaundice.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for loperamide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Dissolve the powder thoroughly in 8 oz (237 mL) of water.

Take with diphenhydramine to prevent extrapyramidal effects.

Avoid activities that require alertness.

Take 30 min before activities that trigger nausea.

Avoid activities that require alertness.

Loperamide, an opioid agonist, can cause sedation and dizziness. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking it before activities that require alertness.

A nurse should recognize that diphenoxylate/atropine should be used with caution for a client who has which inflammatory bowel disease?

Thrombophlebitis

Agranulocytosis

Immunization with a live virus vaccine within the last 6 weeks

Inflammatory bowel disease

Diphenoxylate is an opioid, which can cause the severe complication of toxic megacolon in clients who have inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse should have the client monitor the consistency and frequency of stools throughout therapy.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has kidney disease and a new prescription for cimetidine. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following manifestations?

Dry mouth

Cellulitis

Lethargy

Myalgia

Lethargy

Cimetidine is a histamine2 receptor antagonist, which can potentially cross the blood-brain barrier. Older adult clients who have kidney impairments are at risk for central nervous system (CNS) effects such as lethargy, depression, confusion, and seizures. The nurse should instruct the client to report these manifestations to their provider.

A nurse is teaching a client who recently had a myocardial infarction and has a new prescription for docusate sodium. The nurse should inform the client that docusate sodium has which of the following therapeutic effects?

Reduces inflammation

Reduces gastric acid

Prevents diarrhea

Prevents straining

Prevents straining

Rationale: Docusate sodium, a stool softener, prevents straining during defecation and prevents the elevation in blood pressure that can result from straining. It also helps relieve constipation and reduces the painful elimination of hard stools.

A nurse is administering sulfasalazine to a client. Which of the following data should the nurse collect to help identify an adverse drug reaction? (Select all that apply.)

Level of consciousness

Skin integrity

Temperature

Urine output

CBC

Skin integrity is correct. Sulfasalazine can cause a skin rash, so the nurse should check the client's skin for rashes. The medication can also cause nausea. If the client reports nausea, the nurse should suggest taking the medication with food or water.

Temperature is correct. Sulfasalazine can cause a fever, so the nurse should check the client's temperature and treat fever with an antipyretic.

CBC is correct. Sulfasalazine can cause hematologic disorders, such as agranulocytosis and hemolytic and macrocytic anemia. The nurse should check the client's CBC periodically during therapy and tell the client to report sore throat or fatigue.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking phenytoin for a seizure disorder and has a new prescription for sucralfate to treat a duodenal ulcer. The nurse should instruct the client to take the medications at least 2 hr apart for which of the following reasons?

Phenytoin increases the metabolism of sucralfate.

Phenytoin reduces the effectiveness of sucralfate.

Sucralfate increases the risk for phenytoin toxicity.

Sucralfate interferes with the absorption of

Sucralfate interferes with the absorption of phenytoin.

Sucralfate decreases the absorption of phenytoin. The nurse should instruct the client to allow at least 2 hr between taking the two medications and should monitor the client's phenytoin levels.

A nurse is caring for a client who has peptic ulcer disease. The nurse should monitor the client's phosphorus levels when administering which of the following medications?

Omeprazole

Aluminum hydroxide

Sucralfate

Famotidine

Aluminum hydroxide

Antacids that contain aluminum, such as aluminum hydroxide, can cause hypophosphatemia because of aluminum's ability to bind with phosphate and decrease its absorption. The nurse should monitor the client's phosphorus levels while administering this medication.

A nurse is assessing a client who was administered ondansetron IV 1 hr ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as an adverse effect of this medication?

Tardive dyskinesia

Bradycardia

Dizziness

Dyspepsia

Dizziness

Dizziness and lightheadedness are the most common adverse effects of ondansetron.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is about to start taking psyllium to treat constipation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Expect results in 6 to 12 hr.

Urinate every 4 hr.

Take the medication with at least 8 oz (237 mL) of fluid.

Avoid activities that require alertness.

Increase fluid and fiber intake.

Take the medication with at least 8 oz (237 mL) of fluid is correct. To prevent esophageal obstruction, clients should take psyllium with at least 8 oz of fluid; and after mixing the powdered form, clients should drink it immediately.

Increase fluid and fiber intake is correct. The nurse should tell the client to increase activity, fluid intake, and fiber intake, and to keep track of bowel function.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for sulfasalazine. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"Use sunscreen and protective clothing while taking sulfasalazine to prevent sunburn."

"The medication can stain your contact lenses green."

"The medication can color your urine dark brown."

"Take an iron supplement when you take

"Use sunscreen and protective clothing while taking sulfasalazine to prevent sunburn."

Photosensitivity is a possible adverse effect of sulfasalazine that makes the skin sensitive to light. The nurse should instruct the client to wear sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors to prevent burning.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for omeprazole to treat a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Take the medication with food.

Swallow the capsules whole.

Dissolve the tablets in water.

Take the medication at bedtime.

Swallow the capsules whole.

Rationale: Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is unstable in stomach acid. The nurse should instruct the client to swallow the capsules or tablets whole and not to crush or chew the capsules or tablets.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for alosetron to treat irritable bowel syndrome. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following adverse effects of the medication?

Headache

Drowsiness

Abdominal pain

Sore throat

Abdominal pain

Alosetron, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, can cause ischemic colitis. The nurse should tell the client to report abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, or rectal bleeding, and to stop taking the medication if these manifestations occur.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for alosetron. The nurse should recognize that alosetron therapy is effective when the client reports which of the following?

Reduced gastrointestinal (GI) reflux effects

Urination without burning

Cessation of nausea or vomiting

One formed stool per day

One formed stool per day

Alosetron, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, treats the diarrhea and pain of severe irritable bowel syndrome. One formed stool per day indicates effective therapy.

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a new prescription for famotidine. The nurse should recognize that which of the following medications interacts with famotidine?

Phenobarbital sodium

Ketoconazole

Lisinopril

Hydrochlorothiazide

Ketoconazole

Famotidine reduces the absorption of azoles, such as ketoconazole

A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving chemotherapy and has a new prescription for ondansetron. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Select all that apply.)

Infuse the medication 30 min prior to chemotherapy.

Administer the medication when the client reports nausea.

Infuse the medication slowly over 15 min.

Administer the medication immediately following chemotherapy.

Repeat the dose 4 hr after chemotherapy.

Infuse the medication 30 min prior to chemotherapy.

Infuse the medication slowly over 15 min.

Repeat the dose 4 hr after chemotherapy.

Which of the following medications have protocols that require clients to meet specific risk-management criteria and sign a treatment agreement before the nurse can administer the medication?

Lubiprostone

Azathioprine

Sulfasalazine

Alosetron

Alosetron

Clients who take alosetron, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, can develop severe constipation that can lead to impaction, bowel obstruction, perforation, and potentially fatal ischemic colitis. Because of these risks, nurses must inform clients of the benefits and risks of the medication therapy, and clients must sign a treatment agreement.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking lubiprostone. The nurse should tell the client that lubiprostone can cause which of the following adverse drug reactions?

Sore throat

Constipation

Urinary retention

Nausea

Nausea

Lubiprostone, a chloride channel activator, can cause nausea. Clients who develop this effect do not need to discontinue the medication but should take it with food and water to minimize gastrointestinal (GI) upset.

A nurse is caring for a client who was assigned male at birth, who asks the nurse about taking alosetron for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) lasting 3 months. Which of the following information should the nurse provide the client with about alosetron?

The medication is prescribed to clients who were assigned female at birth, who have IBS-D lasting more than 6 months.

The medication is prescribed to clients who have chronic diarrhea lasting more than 12 months.

The medication is most beneficial for clients who were assigned male at birth who have inflammatory bowel disease.

The medication is most beneficial in treating clients who have constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C).

The medication is prescribed to clients who were assigned female at birth, who have IBS-D lasting more than 6 months.

Alosetron is approved only to be prescribed to clients who were assigned female at birth who have IBS-D lasting 6 months or longer and has not been controlled by conventional treatment.

A nurse is planning teaching for a client who has been prescribed loperamide to treat diarrhea. Which of the following statements should the nurse plan to include?

"Avoid driving or activities requiring alertness."

"If you miss a dose, double the next dose."

"Rinsing the mouth with alcohol-based mouthwash can reduce dryness."

"Having one glass of wine each night can improve medication effectiveness."

"Avoid driving or activities requiring alertness."

Rationale: Loperamide can cause drowsiness and dizziness. The client should avoid driving or activities requiring alertness while taking the drug.

A nurse is caring for a female client who has Crohn's disease.

The client reports they take azathioprine about 1 hr before breakfast daily and they experience nausea after taking it. Client reports fatigue. Yellow sclera observed bilaterally.

Client's medical history includes iron-deficiency anemia.

The priority finding the nurse should report is

Select...

because it indicates

Select...

.

yellow sclera

hepatotoxicity

A nurse is caring for a client who experiences motion sickness.

6 months ago:

Client reports history of motion sickness. They recently started a new job that involves frequent travel by airplane, and they request prescription medication to help control nausea from motion sickness when flying.

increase fluid and fiber intake to prevent constipation

avoid activities that require alertness

When providing instructions to the client about their new medication, the nurse should teach the client to increase fluid and fiber intake to prevent constipation, which is a common adverse reaction of dimenhydrinate. The nurse should also instruct the client to avoid activities that require alertness, because dimenhydrinate causes sedation.