Important people

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28 Terms

1
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Who was General Lewis Cass?
The Democratic presidential candidate in 1848 who promoted popular sovereignty, allowing territorial settlers to decide whether slavery would be permitted.
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Who was Zachary Taylor?
The Whig president elected in 1848. A Mexican-American War hero and slaveholding planter, he supported California's admission as a free state and opposed the proposed compromises before dying in 1850.
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Who was Harriet Tubman?
An escaped enslaved woman and abolitionist known as "Moses" who repeatedly returned to the South to guide enslaved people to freedom through the Underground Railroad.
4
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Who was Henry Clay?
The "Great Compromiser," a Kentucky senator who helped develop the Compromise of 1850 to preserve the Union through concessions between North and South.
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Who was John C. Calhoun?
A South Carolina senator who defended slavery and Southern rights, arguing that the South needed greater political protection and a restored balance between free and slave states.
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Who was Daniel Webster?
A Massachusetts senator who delivered the Seventh of March Speech supporting compromise and the Fugitive Slave Law to preserve the Union.
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Who was Anthony Burns?
An escaped enslaved man captured in Boston in 1854 under the Fugitive Slave Law. His forced return to slavery outraged Northerners and strengthened resistance to the law.
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Who was William Walker?
An American adventurer who seized control of Nicaragua, declared himself president, and legalized slavery in 1856 before being overthrown by Central American forces.
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Who was James Gadsden?
The American diplomat who negotiated the 1853 Gadsden Purchase, acquiring land from Mexico for a southern transcontinental railroad route.
10
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Who was Stephen A. Douglas?
An Illinois Democratic senator who promoted popular sovereignty, introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act, debated Lincoln in 1858, and divided Democrats through the Freeport Doctrine.
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Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?
The author of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), a bestselling antislavery novel that exposed the cruelty of slavery and strengthened Northern opposition to it.
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Who was Hinton R. Helper?
A white North Carolina writer who wrote The Impending Crisis of the South (1857), arguing that slavery economically harmed nonslaveholding white Southerners.
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Who was John Brown?
A radical abolitionist who used violence against proslavery forces in Kansas and led the 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry to encourage an uprising against slavery.
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Who was James Buchanan?
The Democratic president from 1857–1861 who supported the Lecompton Constitution, divided his party, and failed to prevent Southern secession.
15
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Who was Charles Sumner?
A Massachusetts Republican senator and abolitionist whose Crime Against Kansas speech condemned proslavery violence. He was beaten by Preston Brooks in 1856.
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Who was Preston S. Brooks?
A South Carolina congressman who attacked Charles Sumner with a cane in the Senate chamber in 1856 after Sumner insulted the South and Andrew Butler.
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Who was Andrew Butler?
A South Carolina senator and defender of slavery who was insulted by Charles Sumner during his Crime Against Kansas speech, prompting Butler's relative Preston Brooks to attack Sumner.
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Who was John C. Frémont?
The Republican presidential candidate in 1856, known as "The Pathfinder" for his western explorations. He opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories.
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Who was Roger B. Taney?
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the Dred Scott decision in 1857, ruling that Black Americans were not citizens and Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories.
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Who was John C. Breckinridge?
The Southern Democratic presidential candidate in 1860 who supported federal protection and expansion of slavery in the territories.
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Who was Abraham Lincoln?
The Republican president elected in 1860 who opposed the expansion of slavery into territories. His election triggered Southern secession.
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Who was John J. Crittenden?
A Kentucky senator who proposed the Crittenden Amendments in 1860, a final compromise attempt that would have restored slavery protections below the 36°30' line.
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Who was Jefferson Davis?
The president of the Confederate States of America, established by the first seven seceding Southern states in 1861.
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Who was David Wilmot?
A Northern Democratic congressman who proposed the Wilmot Proviso in 1846, which would have prohibited slavery in territory acquired from Mexico. His proposal intensified sectional divisions.
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What was the Wilmot Proviso?
A proposed amendment stating that slavery would be prohibited in any territory acquired from Mexico. It passed the House but failed in the Senate, increasing sectional tension.
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Who was Joshua Giddings?
An Ohio congressman and antislavery Whig who challenged slavery in Congress, opposed the expansion of slaveholding power, and criticized federal support for slavery.
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Who was Salmon P. Chase?
An Ohio antislavery politician who helped organize the Free Soil movement and later the Republican Party. He became a prominent Republican senator and supported stopping slavery's expansion.
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Who was William H. Seward?
A New York senator and antislavery Republican who opposed concessions to slavery and argued in his 1850 speech that a higher moral law stood above laws protecting slavery.