Wilkins Chapter 33 Diet and Dietary Analysis

What are Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)?

a) Caloric recommendations based on activity level

b) Standards reflecting adequate nutrient intake for healthy individuals

c) References for the amount of vitamins and minerals needed daily

d) Guidelines on how to lose weight and be more active

b) Standards reflecting adequate nutrient intake for healthy individuals

The MyPlate Food Guidelines developed by the USDA provide information on all of the following, except:

a) the four food groups.

b) proportions.

c) moderation.

d) physical activity.

e) varieties of food.

a) the four food groups.

A) Severe deficiencies are rare in developed countries. B) Nutritional deficiencies cause periodontal disease.

a) Statement A is true and statement B is false.

b) Statement A is false and statement B is true.

c) Both statements are true.

d) Both statements are false.

a) Statement A is true and statement B is false

Which group has the highest rate of periodontal disease?

a) People with a low body mass index

b) People at a healthy weight

c) People with a high body mass index

d) Older patients with large weight circumference

c) People with a high body mass index

Delayed wound healing can be caused by what vitamin and mineral deficiency?

a) Riboflavin and vitamin B12

b) Folate, niacin, and thiamin

c) Vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium

d) Vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and dietary calcium

d) Vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and dietary calcium

What type of food can encourage biofilm accumulation?

a) High calorie

b) Fibrous

c) Soft, sticky

d) Food made with artificial sweeteners

c) Soft, sticky

The purpose of a dietary assessment includes all of the following, except:

a) analyzing the diet to prevent obesity.

b) studying the patient's food habits and snacking patterns.

c) identifying the patient who may be at a nutritional and oral health risk.

d) determining the overall consistency of the diet.

a) analyzing the diet to prevent obesity.

For how many days should a patient fill out the dietary analysis recording form?

a) 1 day

b) 1 month

c) 3 to 7 days, including a weekend day

d) 10 consecutive days

c) 3 to 7 days, including a weekend day

Cariogenic foods listed in the dietary analysis recording form should be categorized as:

a) solid or artificial.

b) natural, liquid, or solid.

c) highly cariogenic or no risk.

d) solid, liquid, or slowly dissolving.

d) solid, liquid, or slowly dissolving.

The term cariogenic refers to:

a) a condition resulting from a lack of vitamins.

b) poor nourishment resulting from an improper diet.

c) foods that lower the pH and are conducive to dental caries.

d) foods that encourage remineralization.

c) foods that lower the pH and are conducive to dental caries.

In analyzing a food diary, firm and fibrous foods include:

a) pretzels.

b) broccoli and carrots.

c) whole grain bread.

d) cupcakes.

b) broccoli and carrots

Dietary counseling should take place:

a) after all clinical treatment is completed in the treatment room.

b) in the waiting room.

c) before doing an extraoral and intraoral exam in the treatment room.

d) with the entire family.

e) apart from the clinical treatment room.

e) apart from the clinical treatment room.

Which statement gives the best example of how to elicit information from the patient?

a) "Why did you have dessert that night?"

b) "Did you eat breakfast today?"

c) "Did you eat any snacks between meals?"

d) "Tell me, what was the first thing you ate today?"

d) "Tell me, what was the first thing you ate today?"

What pH level is the critical level for demineralization of enamel?

a) Below 5.5

b) Above 5.5

c) 0

d) 1

e) 3.5

a) Below 5.5

. Which sugar substitute can promote remineralization?

a) Sorbitol

b) Xylitol

c) Sucralose

d) Aspartame

b) Xylitol

At the follow-up visit the patient's diary is evaluated for all of the following, except:

a) eating patterns.

b) consumption and frequency of fermentable carbohydrates.

c) nutritional adequacy.

d) oral habits related to nutrition.

d) oral habits related to nutrition.

Clinical evaluation does not include identification of any abnormalities in the patient's:

a) appearance.

b) voice.

c) weight.

d) skin.

e) hair.

b) voice.

8. All of the following helps lower the risk of caries, except:

a) cutting down on the frequency of between-meal sweets

b) not sipping constantly on sweetened beverages.

c) using slowly dissolving items.

d) eating more low-fat cheese.

c) using slowly dissolving items.

9. Which of the following is not a possible barrier to successful counseling?

a) The patient is agreeable to change.

b) The patient's cultural and religious patterns

c) The patient's financial considerations

d) The patient's limited knowledge

a) The patient is agreeable to change.

A) Cariogenic foods consumed after brushing and flossing before bedtime are not cleared readily because salivary flow decreases during sleep. B) Cariogenic liquids are removed from the teeth in relatively less time than are solids.

a) Statement A is true and statement B is false.

b) Statement A is false and statement B is true.

c) Both statements are true.

d) Both statements are false.

c) Both statements are true.

Nancy, a 67-year-old woman, comes into the dental office for a routine prophylaxis and exam. She has not been seen in the office for just over 1 year and states that she has had her grandchildren staying with her, which has made it hard for her to make an appointment. Nancy has 12 teeth present in her mouth and states that she has not been wearing her partials because they do not fit very well. The hygienist notes that she has angular cheilosis and heavy biofilm accumulation. Upon further questioning, Nancy reveals that it is hard for her to chew without her partials so she has been eating a soft diet. The dental hygienist decides to complete a dietary assessment with Nancy. When she returns the 3-day record it is evident that Nancy is primarily eating breads, cakes, soups, ice cream, and yogurt since she has trouble chewing. Nancy has also indicated drinking five cans of soda daily.

Case Study Question

Nancy states that she drinks soda all day in order to keep up with her grandchildren; this is a problem because:

a) the teeth are exposed to a cariogenic liquid for a long period of time.

b) the pH level is very high in the oral cavity when drinking soda.

c) it may cause xerostomia.

d) she may gain weight.

a) the teeth are exposed to a cariogenic liquid for a long period of time.

Angular cheilosis can be a sign of what nutrient deficiency?

a) Niacin

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin C

d) Folate

e) Magnesium

d) Folate

Nancy is only eating nutrients from the grains and dairy groups on the MyPlate food diagram. What other groups should she be eating from?

a) Vegetables only

b) Protein only

c) Fruits, vegetables, and protein

d) Fruits and vegetables only

c) Fruits, vegetables, and protein

Until her partial can be repaired, what can Nancy do to prevent caries?

a) Rinse vigorously with fluoridated water after eating cariogenic food.

b) Use a mouthrinse after every meal.

c) Stop eating soft foods.

d) Continue drinking five cans of soda daily.

a) Rinse vigorously with fluoridated water after eating cariogenic food.

What food can be eaten after sweets to prevent the decrease in pH and production of acids?

a) Granola bar

b) Yogurt

c) Whole grain breads

d) Cheese

d) Cheese