Quiz 2 (BIOL211)

What does the diet breadth model represent?

asses which prey type a predator will accept and which one it will ignore

What does the diet breadth model assume?

preadtors selected to maximize REI

What are the 4 things the diet breadth model takes into account?

energy content
search time
handling time
encounter rate

How do we represent profitability using the diet breadth model and this short term or long term REI?

e/h
short term

What is the main difference between short term and long term REI?

search time

What equation shows which prey type is most profitable

e1/h1 > e2/h2

Is it true that we assume prey type 1 is more profitable?

yes

What is the long term REI equation representing?

total energy in/ total time spent foraging

When is the only time the predator will accept prey type 2?

when profability of prey type 2 is greater than specialist REI

What does Ts λ1 represent?

number of prey type 1s eaten

What does E1 Ts λ1 represent?

amount of energy gathered from eating all prey type 1s

What does h1 Ts λ1 represent?

time handling all prey type 1

What does Ts + h1 Ts λ1 represent?

total time foraging as a specialist

What does Ts + h1 Ts λ1 + h2 Ts λ2 represent?

total time foraging as a generalist

What is sexual selection?

type of natural selection that affects traits influencing the ability to attain or choose a mate

What is intrasexual selection?

competition among same sex individuals for access to mating opportunities
stronger between males then females

What are some traits that mates will select each other for?

weaponry
large body size
sperm characteristics

What are phonotaxis studies?

movement toward sound

What is intersexual selection?

selects for male ornaments and counter displays and female mate preferences
can go both ways tho

What is the relationship that happens that creates a balance with how a preferred male genotype spreads?

females preference puts selective pressure on male genotype to get larger
gets counteracted by survival cost

What are two types of benefits that occur in mate choice theory?

direct benefits
indirect benefits

What are direct benefits?

favors individuals with a genetic predisposition to choose mates that provide them with some tangible resource

What are the benefits of a direct benefit relationship?

resources may improve female egg production or survival of offspring

How do direct benefits get assessed?

directly assessed
assessed via communication signals

What are indirect benefits?

favors individuals with a genetic predisposition to choose mate with genes that code for favorable traits that will be inhereted by offspring

What are the benefits that come out of indirect benefits?

receive a genetic benefit that benefits offspring

How are indirect benefits assessed?

assessed only through signal communication

What are the 2 different forms of indirect benefits?

runaway
good genes/compatible genes

What is runaway selection?

selected for attractive offspring

What is good genes/compatible genes ?

improve health/survival of offspring

What is the difference between good genes(GG) and compatible genes(CG)?

GG is one best male
CG is match between genome of male and female (MHC ex)

What is sensory exploitation/bias?

individuals prefer mates that elicit greatest stimulation of their sensory systems which developed in another context

What is a population?

a group of individuals of a given species living in some designated area

What is the mark recapture method?

mark or tag original individuals caught
return to site at later time and resample to see total individuals observed and how many of them are marked

What is a random distribution?

individuals within a pop having equal chance of living anywhere

What is regular distribution?

where individuals are uniformly spaced

What is clumped distribution?

individuals have higher chance of being found in one area vs other