21. responsible use of medications

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7 Terms

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food safety

  • drugs below tolerance levels in edible tissues

  • right dose, route, volume per injection site, metabolic state of animal, withdrawal times

  • goal: prevent unintended side effects in consumer


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proper drug use

  • correct drug, dose, route, frequency, duration, in the right individual

  • goal: reduce / eliminate infection, reduce injection site pain & waste of edible tissue from trauma secondary to inappropriate route or volume per injection site, reduce potential antimicrobial resistance secondary to subtherapeutic dosing


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what is the difference between prohibited ELDU vs. restricted ELDU?

  • prohibited: can never use off-label in food animals

  • restricted: can be used off-label sometimes, under certain conditions


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prohibited ELDU list — notable drugs

  • chloramphenicol

  • clenbuterol

  • fluoroquinolone antibiotics (i.e. enrofloxacin, etc.)

  • medicated feeds

    • potential exception for minor species

  • nitroimidazoles (i.e. dimetridazole, ipronidazole, metronidazole, etc.)

  • nitrofurans (i.e. furazolidine, nitrofurazone, etc.)


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restricted ELDU list — notable drugs

  • cephalosporins — except cephapirin, in MAJOR food animal species (cattle, pigs, chickens, turkeys)

    • ELDU permissible only for therapeutic indications not listed on the label

      • must follow label dose, route, freq., etc.

    • ELDU in minor food animal species is permitted

  • phenylbutazone — prohibited in female dairy cattle >20 months of age

  • sulfonamide antibiotics — prohibited in adult lactating dairy cattle or dairy cattle >20 months of age

    • use in milking sheep & goats is discouraged but not prohibited


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drugs with restrictions for grade “A” dairy operations

  • non-medical grade dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) — no use or on-site storage allowed

  • dipyrone — no use allowed

  • colloidal silver — no use or storage allowed


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zero tolerance ELDU

  • drug used in production class NOT on label

  • no measurable drug permitted in edible tissues

    • veal calves

    • not for animals ≥ 20 months of age