In Class Quiz Questions + Kahoot

What is the definition of the agricultural treadmill as mentioned in the textbook ch 1?

A cycle farmers are stuck in due to tech increasing and profits are negated

What was a result of mechanization in agriculture?

productivity increase, greater efficiency, lower employment and production diversity

What is vertical integration

when a business controls every level of the supply chain for their own product - eliminating the “middle man”, which if successful, can be profitable

Monopsony

when the market has fewer buyers than sellers; buyers control the prices

what central idea does this quote from Amartya Sen convey: “No famine has ever taken place in the history of the world in a functioning democracy”

The cause of famines have political origins and not just “food”

true or false: there were many negative impacts of the green revolution

true

respectively, what do the terms hedgers and speculators mean?

buyers of goods who want stability; traders who want market fluctuation

global land grabs can be an issue because?

people indigenous to lands that are “grabbed” are often harmed

true or false: the hydrologic cycle and hydrosocial cycle are interchangeable terms

false

how are settler colonialism and water related in regard to what we spoke about in class?

settlers remove indigenous people which leads them to lose water possession

true or false: “prior appropriation” for water laws is when you have the right to access water because water is a human right

false

what is market environmentalism?

a policy that emphasizes the markets protect ecosystems and the environment

Why does Carolan prefer the term “foodscape” to “foodsystem”

foodscapes include not only commodities, but the food and the consumers of food

Mechanization in agriculture has had the effect of

increasing productivity and efficiency, but diminishing employment and diversity of agricultural production

applying Mill’s sociological imagination to agriculture and food has helped identify that

changes in agriculture and food distribution are not just about individual farmer and consumer choice by about sociopolitical and ecological conditions

How does the example of the Manzo elementary school students provide an example of the hydrosocial cycle?

shows how students in a desert community transform their space into a verdant garden

for Meehan and colleagues, knowledge about water is

used to shape control of systems of distribution, design, and debate about water

according to Meehan and colleagues, scarcity is

created through social and institutional interactions and relations

Water is life in the book refers to

the pan-indigenous movement that coalesced around the NoDAPL movement

What does CR4 refer to in the Sociology of Food and Agriculture reading?

a measure of market concentration

what is digital agriculture

an umbrella term referring to the growing use of cloud based, big data applications and other digital applications in agriculture

food regime studies refer to

research on food and agriculture that looks at the “rule-governed structure of production and consumption of food on a world scale”

Mechanical Approaches to understanding water and empire refers to:

Wittfogel’s attempt to develop a universal theory of how water infrastructural systems leads to despotic governmentt

the book talks about interactions of four distinct moving frontiers in the Bengal region:

political, agro-ecological, fluvial, religious frontiers

a dialectical approach to understanding the relationship between water and empire involves:

appreciating the complexity and multiplicity of ways that water makes empire and empire makes water

amartya sen, nobel peace prize winning economist, argued that

famines are, at their root, political problems, which can be cost-effectively alleviated

The Sociology of Food and Water criticizes US food aid programs because

food can undercut the value of the products produces by farmers in the recipient countries, the requirements of how food is shipped can increase cost of supplying food aid, and shipping food aid around the world may be less efficient than buying surplus food from neighboring places

In The Sociology of Food and Water, the term hidden hunger refers to

micronutrient malnutrition

according to The Sociology of Food and Agriculture nutritionism - “reducing food to its constituent nutrients” is problematic because it

makes the larger structures of food production, processing, and distribution more difficult to see

in Water Law “prior application” refers to

assigning water rights based on the historical order of the claim and continued “beneficial use”

Commons (or common pool resouces) are

areas such as fisheries that are difficult to enclose through a property allocation

a form of water law prominent in most US states that ties water rights to land is

riparian water law

in chapter 3 of Water: A Critical Introduction water law in Chile is an example of

how water law changed based on changes in political power and leadership

According to the text, advantages of foreign direct investments (FDI) for food processing firms do not include

developing new products that are based on local food customs

the text The Sociology of Food and Agriculture asserts the following about biofuels:

they should not be treated as a monolith, but that all forms of biofuel have proved to have faults

Global Land Grabs are problematic because

indigenous people are too often harmed by the process

how did the financial markets change in the 1990s in a way that changed investment in agriculture

goldman sachs commodity index created a multiple commodity index that increased price volatility for agricultural commodities

the sale of municipal water assets to private providers is referred to as:

privatization

what does the text mean when they refer to water as a “natural monopoly”

commodification doesn’t work because as households or even as municipalities, we can’t practically choose an alternative water supplier

according to the text the shift in environmental policy that emphasizes the role of markets in restoring ecosystems and achieving environmental benefits is referred to as

market environmentalism

according to the text, the drivers behind water privatization in the late 20th and early 21st century included

the growth of neoliberalism as an ideology of governance in the UK, US and International Finance and development community

monopoly

when one seller controls the market; buyers have little choice or power over prices and sellers have more power

what was the green revolution

period of time right after WW2 until the 70s where research was done to develop technology specifically for high yield variety crops

what were some cons of the green revolution

uneven distribution of benefits (increased inequality), increase in energy use of agriculture, and “technology optimism”

what was the overall meaning of the green revolution

farmers who needed help got less and inequality grew, incorporating new technology increased energy intensity, social aspects that needed fixing were neglected

hedgers

people who have an actual need for the commodity in question - want stability in the market, they are the “buyers”

speculators

people and or parties that are traders - they buy low and sell high on future commodities that don’t exist yet and rely on market fluctuation to make money on future goods; don’t physically need or touch the commodity

prior appropriation

assignment of water rights in historical order and put it to “beneficial” use (economic use); stems from manifest destiny and westward expansion

riparian rights

dictates water rights based on if you own that land; most popular in eastern US

market environmentalism

idea that water can be treated as beneficial because it gives incentive to protect the environment and preserve ecosystems through markets