Lab 3 - Skeletal Muscle - Major Muscles

Epicranius

Orbicularis oculi

Zygomaticus

Orbicularis oris

Platysma

Sternohyoid

Sternocleidomastoid

Pectoralis minor

Pectoralis major

Serratus anterior

Intercostals

Temporalis

Masseter

Trapezius

Deltoid

Triceps brachii

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

iliopsoas

Pectineus

Rectus abdominis

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transverse abdominis

Tensor fascia lata

Sartorius

Adductor longus

Gracilis

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

Fibularis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

Tibialis anterior

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Epicranius

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Deltoid

Infraspinatus

Teres major

Rhomboid major

Latissimus dorsi

Triceps brachii

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi

Extensor digitorum

iliotibial tract

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

ilibotial tract

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Fibularis longus

Calcaneal tendon

Adductor magnus

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Concentric muscle contraction

muscle fibers shorten and there is visible movement at the joint

Eccentric muscle contraction

muscle fibers lengthen and there is visible movement at the joint

Isometric muscle contraction

muscle length does not change and no visible movement at the joint

Isotonic contraction

Concentric

• the muscle develops enough force to lift the weight

• once resistance is overcome, the muscle shortens and the tension remains constant for the rest of the contraction

Isometric contraction

• weight exceeds the muscle’s peak force-developing capabilities

• tension increases to the muscles peak force-developing capability but the muscle does not shorten

Range of motion

measurement of the distance and direction a joint can move to its full potential

Joint

location where bones connect and allow movement in predetermined directions

How is ROM measured?

using an instrument called a Goniometer that measures in degrees

Hyperextension

moving backwards of the joint

• tilting head backwards (neck joint)

• leaning torso backwards not moving legs (vertebral column)

• moving straight arm backwards (shoulder joint)

Extension

a straightening movement

• head tilted down moves up until head looking straight ahead (neck joint)

• bent over at the waist to standing upright (vertebral column)

• moving arm straight out in front of you to resting at your side (shoulder joint)

• knee bent moves to straighten out to normal standing position (knee joint)

Flexion

a bending movement

• tilting head downwards to chin to chest (neck joint)

• torso bending down at the hip (vertebral column)

• bending the knee

• raising the arm to be straight out in front of you

Rotation

body part turns around its longitudinal axis

Lateral rotation

turning of a limb away from the midline of the body

Medial rotation

turning of a limb towards the midline of the body

Abduction

movement of a body part out and away from the midline —> abduct = take away

• lifting ur arms up to form a “T”

• spreading ur fingers apart

Adduction

movement of a body part towards the midline

• moving ur arms back down to your side from a “T” position

• squeezing your legs back together from a wide stance

Circumduction

a conical movement of a body part where the proximal end (closer to the center) stays relatively stationary while the distal end (away from the center) traces a circle

• rotating your wrist in a circle

Pronation

palm facing up

Supination

palm facing down

Dorsiflexion

flexing your foot to make an L shape

Plantar flexion

pointing your toes

Inversion

pointing your foot inwards

Eversion

pointing your foot outwards

Elevation

shrugging your shoulders up

Depression

un-shrugging your shoulders

Protraction

to move outward/forward

• pushing jaw out

Retraction

to move backwards/inward

• moving your jaw backwards from it being pushed out