Session 5: Fuel Supply System

Vocabulary terms and definitions covering the components, operations, and fuel types associated with Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) automotive fuel supply systems.

Carburettor

A device in petrol engines that atomises and vapourises the fuel and air mixture before it is ignited by the spark plug.

SI Engine Fuels

Fuels such as petrol, benzoyl, and alcohol that are utilized in spark ignition engines.

Common Rail Direct Injection System (CRDI)

A system used in compression ignition engines to provide better engine performance.

Fuel Tank

A reservoir made of metal sheet or plastic, typically located at the rear end of the vehicle and attached to the chassis, featuring a filler opening closed with a cap.

Fuel Line

A rigid and flexible conduit that carries fuel from the fuel tank to the carburettor or common rail system, designed to withstand pressure and resist corrosion.

Fuel Filter

A component containing a cartridge filtering element that traps particles to deliver clean fuel to the engine and prevent system blockages.

Air Cleaner

A main unit of the fuel system that supplies clean air to the engine and contains an element requiring regular cleaning and replacement.

Transfer Pump

A pump in a diesel engine system that receives diesel oil from the fuel filter and increases its pressure before sending it to the distributor rotor via a metering valve.

MPFI Common Rail Pressure

The fuel rail pressure generated by the electric fuel pump in a multi-point fuel injection system, measuring $3$ to $4\,\text{bar}$.

Solonide Injector

An electrically operated injector in the M.P.F.I fuel system whose winding induces current to control needle valve movements for fuel injection based on speed and load.

ECM (Engine Control Module)

The electronic unit that controls the fuel system and injector operations in an M.P.F.I system.

Pressure Regulator

A device that controls the amount of fuel pressure entering the injector and directs surplus fuel back to the fuel tank.

Fuel Injection Pump (FIP)

A dedicated pump used in CI engines alongside injectors to pressurize and atomise diesel fuels that do not vapourise easily.