AP Euro unit 4 test

Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could be described in terms of ________.

A)spiritual harmonies

B)the motion of atoms

C)their relation to celestial vibrations

D)mathematical relationships

D) mathematical relationships

The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by ________.

A)Isaac Newton

B) Galileo Galilei

C)Tycho Brahe

D)Johannes Kepler

D) Johannes Kepler

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the discoveries that most captured the public imagination were made in ________.

A) Medicine

B)natural history

C) chemistry

D) astronomy

D) astronomy

Who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth-centered universe?

Tycho Brahe

Nicolaus Copernicus

Galileo Galilei

Johannes Kepler

Nicolaus Copernicus

Who addressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries?

Nicolaus Copernicus

Isaac Newton

Johannes Kepler

Galileo Galilei

Isaac Newton

Who is known as the father of empiricism?

Isaac Newton

Francis Bacon

Johannes Kepler

Galileo Galilei

Francis Bacon

Although he invented analytic geometry, whose most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction?

René Descartes

Francis Bacon

Isaac Newton

Johannes Kepler

René Descartes

Hobbes saw human beings as ________.

naturally docile

basically good

basically just

self-centered, power-hungry creatures

self-centered, power-hungry creatures

Baroque art first emerged in ________.

Paris, France

papal Rome

Florence, Italy

Buckingham Palace, London, England

papal Rome

Nicolaus Copernicus's breakthrough was to show how the ________.

earth moved around the sun

sun moved around the earth

sun was dotted with sun sports

earth was accompanied by other planets in our solar system

earth moved around the sun

The experiences of the English Civil War led Thomas Hobbes to summarize his views about strong central government in his book ________.

Second Treatise of Government

Leviathan

Discourse on Method

Gulliver's Travels

Leviathan

Baldacchino, Cattedra Altar, Bernini

Baroque art became associated with ________.

the Renaissance

English nobility

Roman Catholicism

popular Protestantism

Roman Catholicism

Which of the following is Tycho Brahe's major contribution to science?

A) He created a vast body of astronomical data from which his successors could work.

B) He did groundbreaking scientific research in which he suggested that Mercury and Venus revolved around the sun.

C) He proved Copernicus's research incorrect and published his own geocentric findings.

D) He proved that the moon and other planets revolved around the earth.

A) He created a vast body of astronomical data from which his successors could work.

Many proponents of mechanism believed________.

machines should do the work of humans

human beings were machines, slaves to religion

humans were machines whose purpose was to produce knowledge

the world could be explained in mechanical metaphors

the world could be explained in mechanical metaphors

According to Hobbes, human beings escape the terrible state of nature by ________.

becoming selfless and obeying others

taking part in a tacit contract

naturally being sociable

embracing Christianity

taking part in a tacit contract

According to Pascal's famous wager, ________.

A) it is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot; if God should prove not to exist, comparatively little will have been lost

B) it is best to live life to the fullest, regardless of your religious beliefs, and if God does exist, seek forgiveness near the end of your life

C) it is best to believe that God does not exist so that if he does exist, you will be joyful rather than disappointed

D) only one person in a hundred would be saved

A) it is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot; if God should prove not to exist, comparatively little will have been lost

Based upon your knowledge of the text, which of the following is the most plausible cause of the witch hunts?

A) The droughts causing famine, especially in Ireland, led to the death of many, and because the witches claimed to control the weather, they were to blame.

B) Witches were primarily women, and because women bore children that were causing an economic and scientific panic, they were to blame.

C) The corrupt government needed a distracter from the bad publicity, and because the same women that were suspected witches were spreading the news of corruption, politicians saw witch hunts as an answer to both their problems.

D) Religious divisions and warfare threatened the security of society, and the witches were the scapegoats of a social panic.

D) Religious divisions and warfare threatened the security of society, and the witches were the scapegoats of a social panic.

The most elaborative baroque monument to political absolutism was________.

Pope Urban VIII's tabernacle in Rome

Charles I's palace in London

Louis XIV's palace at Versailles

Franz Joseph's palace in Vienna

Louis XIV's palace at Versailles

The idea that humans were, by nature, creatures of reason and basic goodwill is an idea embraced by ________.

Locke, in opposition to the ideas of Descartes

Hobbes, in opposition to the ideas of John Locke

Locke, in opposition to the ideas of Thomas Hobbes

Bacon, in opposition to the ideas of John Locke

Locke, in opposition to the ideas of Thomas Hobbes

The Enlightenment was the movement that________.

A) held that change and reform were both desirable through the application of reason and science

B) brought scientists and philosophers together to reconcile their differences on the state of the natural world

C) attempted to interpret the events of scripture based on scientific observations of the natural world

D) saw the growth of industry and the increase of manufacturing

held that change and reform were both desirable through the application of reason and science

According to Francis Bacon, the Bible and nature ________.

should be explained by scientists

must be compatible because they shared the same author

appear directly opposed on countless points and must be reconciled

are inadequately explained by the Roman Catholic Church

must be compatible because they shared the same author

For eighteenth-century Europeans rights were usually ________ rights.

civil

individual

community

personal property

community

French nobles were divided between nobles "of the sword" and nobles "of the ________."

church

crown

robe

blood

robe

The economic basis of eighteenth-century life was ________.

land

regional trade

industry

international trade

land

Most Europeans in the 1700s took part in the _________ economy.

family

urban craft

factory

commercial

family

Introduced from the New World, what new product allowed a more certain food supply in Europe and enabled more children to survive to adulthood and rear children of their own?

wheat

squash

potato

corn

potato

What industry pioneered the Industrial Revolution?

textiles

housing

transportation

food processing

textiles

The Industrial Revolution came first to ________.

the Netherlands

Germany

Britain

France

Britain

In the years between 1600 and 1750, the cities that grew most vigorously were ________.

capitals and ports

military forts and capitals

industrial cities and ecclesiastical cities

ports and cities bordering the national line

capitals and ports

What inventor became famous for using an iron plow and planting wheat with a drill?

Charles Townsend

James Watt

Jethro Tull

Robert Bakewell

Jethro Tull

The first engine using steam power was invented by ________.

James Watt

Matthew Boulton

John Wilkinson

Thomas Newcomen

Thomas Newcomen

The term "Old Regime" has come to refer to the ________.

A) gradual transition of Europe's monarchies to that of democracies and republics

B) economic policies that existed across Europe before the eighteenth-century Industrial Revolution

Correct!

C) social, political, and economic relationships in Europe just prior to the French Revolution

D) social and political infrastructure that existed before the Protestant Reformation

C) social, political, and economic relationships in Europe just prior to the French Revolution

The steam engine was revolutionary because it _________.

replaced oil with petroleum as a fuel

removed the European dependence on fossil fuels

made transportation possible

provided a virtually unlimited source of power

provided a virtually unlimited source of power

Which of the following was a clearly defined long-term result of the shift in female employment?

A) Women, as a group, made little or no economic contribution to Europe's economy.

B) Women's work became associated with the home rather than with places where men worked.

C)Women were closely involved the new technologies in farming, transportation, and manufacturing.

D) Women's wage-earning potential was valued.

B) Women's work became associated with the home rather than with places where men worked.

How were Jewish children singled out for persecution?

Their goods were confiscated.

They could not go to school.

They were not permitted to follow their religious traditions.

They could be taken from their homes and given Christian instruction.

They could be taken from their homes and given Christian instruction.

The change that rationalized the use of land and created higher productivity was the ________.

enclosure laws

commercial revolution

bread riots

Agricultural Revolution

Agricultural Revolution

How did the North American colonies impact the Industrial Revolution?

They increased demand for consumer goods.

They drew skilled workers away from the Industrial Revolution.

Technologies from North America were introduced to Europe.

The gold from the colonies caused inflation that crippled industrialization in Britain.

They increased demand for consumer goods.

Landlords considered Russian serfs to be ________.

priceless agricultural specialists

economic commodities

an endless supply of tax revenue

responsible professionals

economic commodities

Thomas_Gainsborough_-_Mr_and_Mrs_Andrews.jpg

The painting Robert Andrews and His Wife illustrates what traditional linkage of the Old Regime?

commerce and the middle class

the nobility and servile labor

land and nobility

inherited privilege and an urban lifestyle

land and nobility

In which of these would you be most likely to encounter small, nuclear households?

Italy

the Netherlands

Poland

Russia

the Netherlands

The heart of the eighteenth-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in ________.

the middle West

the Ohio River valley

the West Indies

the lower Saint Lawrence River valley

the West Indies

As a result of a scarcity of labor, which of the following nations were the first to quickly turn to importing African slaves?

Holland and France

France and Spain

Portugal and Holland

Spain and Portugal

Spain and Portugal

A vast increase in the number of Africans brought as slaves to the Americas occurred during the eighteenth century, with most arriving in ________.

the Carolinas or Virginia

the Caribbean or Brazil

Mexico or Florida

Granada or Peru

the Caribbean or Brazil

Colonial trade in the transatlantic world roughly followed a ________.

line

triangle

square

pentagon

triangle

Europe's balance of power was upset when Prussia's King Frederick II seized the Austrian province of ________.

Silesia

Austria

Germany

the Netherlands

Silesia

The philosophy of John Locke contributed to the rhetoric surrounding which war?

the American Revolution

the War of Jenkins's Ear

the War of the Austrian Succession

the Seven Years' War

the American Revolution

Which of the following factors allowed European nations to exert influence and dominance over much of the world?

cultural superiority

religious convictions and the spread of Christianity to new colonies

technological superiority

agricultural advances and population increases

technological superiority

According to the text, which of the following were closely related?

warfare in West Africa and slavery in the Americas

warfare in Latin America and the political development of the Ohio River valley

warfare in Eastern Europe and the political development of the American colonies

warfare in Western Europe and the economic development of Indian commerce

warfare in West Africa and slavery in the Americas

What was the outcome of the 1783 Treaty of Paris?

The treaty granted independence to the American colonies.

The treaty granted control of all of Canada and the eastern half of the Mississippi River valley to Britain.

The treaty ended the Seven Years' War.

The treaty preserved the Habsburg dynasty.

The treaty granted independence to the American colonies.

What conditions in Africa facilitated the capture and forced transport of African slave labor?

stable political relations between African communities

political unrest and inter-tribal warfare

strong trade networks within Africa

well-developed transportation and roads in Africa

political unrest and inter-tribal warfare