Anatomy Lecture #7 - Thorax, Heart, and Circulation

Manubrium

What is this bone?

Sternum

What is this bone?

Sternal Angle

What is this bony landmark?

Costal Cartilage

What is this structure?

Xiphoid

What is this bony landmark?

1-7

How many true ribs?

8-12

How many false ribs?

Costovertebral Joint

What is this bony articulation?

Costotransverse Joint

What is this bony articulation?

Costovertebral: Head of rib

Costotransverse: Tubercle of a rib

What do these joints articulate with?

Supraspinous Fossa

What is this?

Superior Border

What is this?

Coracoid Process

What is this?

Acromial Process

What is this?

Glenoid Cavity

What is this?

Spine

What is this?

Infraspinous Fossa

What is this?

Lateral Border

What is this?

Medial Border

What is this?

Neck of Scapula

What is this?

Pulmonary

What cavity is this?

Mediastinum

What cavity is this?

Abdominal Cavity

What cavity is this?

Phrenic Nerve - C3, C4, C5

What nerve innervates the diaphragm and at what level?

External Intercostal, Inspiration

What is this muscle and it's function?

Internal Intercostal, Deep forced expiration

What is this muscle and it's function?

Pectoralis major

What is this muscle?

Pectoralis Minor

What is this muscle?

Serratus Anterior; Holds scapula to ribcage

What is this muscle? What does it do?

Scalenes

What is this muscle?

Diaphragm; Musculotendinous sheet dividing the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

What is this/what does this do?

Caval, Esophageal, Aortic

What are the 3 apertures of the diaphragm?

Left Lung

Which lung is smaller?

Lingula; Moves into costomediastinal recess during inspiration

What is this structure? What does it do?

Cardiac Notch; Accommodates heart

What is this structure? What does it do?

Hilum of Lungs; Doorway in and out of lung tissue, connects lung to mediastinum, and contains pulmonary vessels, nerves and bronchi

What is this structure? What is it?

Bronchopulmonary Segments

What are these segments?

Pleura

Fibroserous membrane surrounding each lung and lining pulmonary cavities

Parietal Pleura

More superficial

Visceral Pleura

Deeper, closer to lungs

Pleural Cavity

Space within the pleural sac between visceral and parietal

Pleuritis

inflammation of the pleura

Pathway of air through mouth

- Oral cavity

- Oropharynx

- Laryngopharynx

- Larynx

- Trachea

- Primary Bronchi

- Secondary Bronchi

- Tertiary Bronchi

- Conducting Bronchioles

- Terminal Bronchioles

- Respiratory Bronchioles

- Alveolar sac

- Alveoli

Pathway of air through nose

- External nares

- Nasal cavity

- Internal nares

- Nasopharynx

- Oropharynx

- Laryngopharynx

- Larynx

- Trachea

- Primary Bronchi

- Secondary Bronchi

- Tertiary Bronchi

- Conducting Bronchioles

- Terminal Bronchioles

- Respiratory Bronchioles

- Alveolar sac

- Alveoli

Hyaline Cartilage

What cartilage does secondary bronchi have most of?

Bronchial Artery

What artery supplies the lung with oxygenated blood?

Epiglottis

What is this structure?

Thyrohyoid muscle

What is this structure?

Cricothyroid muscle

What is this structure?

Hyoid bone

What is this structure?

Cricoid Cartilage

What is this structure?

Tracheal membrane

What is this structure?

Cricothyroid membrane

What is this structure?

Carina

What is the internal split of the bronchi?

Tracheal Bifurcation

What is the external split of the bronchi?

Type II pneumocyte

Which pneumocyte secretes surfactant?

Type I pneumocyte

Which pneumocyte absorbs surfactant?

Emphysema

Destroyed or damaged alveoli

Heart, great vessels, pericardium, esophagus, trachea, thymus

What does the mediastinum contain?

Epicardium

outermost layer of the heart

Myocardium

Thickest and middle layer of heart

Endocardium

Most deep layer of heart

Phrenic nerve

Innervates pericardium

Trabeculae Carnae

What muscle is this?

Pectinate

What muscle is this?

Papillary

What muscle is this?

Myocardium

What muscle is this?

Auricle

What structure is this?

Cardiac skeleton

Dense fibrous connective tissue that separates chambers and provides anchoring points (framework for valves)

Auscultation

Heart sounds

Blood flow through heart

1-Superior & Inferior Vena Cava, 2-R Atrium, 3-Tricuspid Valve, 4- R Ventricle, 5-Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Trunk 6-Pulmonary Artery, Arterioles, Capillaries 7- Lungs-pick up oxygen, Venules 8-Pulmonary Veins, 9- L Atrium, 10- Mitral Valve (Bicuspid), 11-L Ventricle, 12- Aortic Valve, 13-Aorta, 14- Body

Conduction pathway

SA node, internodal bundle, AV node, bundle of his, R and L bundle branches, Purkinje fibers