HOSA Medical Terminology

Vocabulary flashcards covering medical roots, their anatomical or functional meanings, and clinical examples derived from the lecture pages.

cardi/o

Meaning: heart.

neur/o

Meaning: nerve.

gastr/o

Meaning: stomach. Examples: gastritis, gastrectomy, gastric.

hepat/o

Meaning: liver. Examples: hepatitis, hepatomegaly, hepatic, hepatocyte.

nephr/o

Meaning: kidney. Examples: nephritis, nephrology, nephron.

cyst/o

Meaning: bladder. Examples: cystitis, cystoscopy, cystectomy.

pneum/o

Meaning: lung. Examples: pneumonia, pneumothorax, pneumocyte.

oste/o

Meaning: bone. Examples: osteoporosis, osteocyte, osteotomy.

arthr/o

Meaning: joint. Examples: arthritis, arthroscopy, arthralgia.

my/o

Meaning: muscle. Examples: myopathy, myalgia, myocardium.

derm/o

Meaning: skin. Examples: dermatitis, dermatology, dermal.

hem/o

Meaning: blood. Examples: hemoglobin, hemorrhage, hemolysis.

lymph/o

Meaning: lymph. Examples: lymphoma, lymphocyte, lymphatic.

cyt/o

Meaning: cell. Examples: cytology, cytotoxic, cytokine.

hist/o

Meaning: tissue. Examples: histology, histopathology.

aden/o

Meaning: gland. Examples: adenitis, adenoma, adenoid.

angi/o

Meaning: vessel. Examples: angiogram, angioplasty, angiopathy.

phleb/o

Meaning: vein. Examples: phlebitis, phlebography.

arteri/o

Meaning: artery. Examples: arteriosclerosis, arteriogram.

capill/o

Meaning: capillary. Examples: capillary, capillaritis.

bronch/o

Meaning: airway. Examples: bronchitis, bronchoscopy.

trache/o

Meaning: trachea. Examples: tracheostomy, tracheitis.

laryng/o

Meaning: larynx. Examples: laryngitis, laryngoscopy.

rhin/o

Meaning: nose. Examples: rhinitis, rhinoplasty.

ot/o

Meaning: ear. Examples: otitis, otoscope.

ophthalm/o

Meaning: eye. Examples: ophthalmology, ophthalmic.

opt/o

Meaning: vision. Examples: optometry, optic, optometrist.

blephar/o

Meaning: eyelid. Examples: blepharitis, blepharoplasty.

stomat/o

Meaning: mouth. Examples: stomatitis, stomatology.

cheil/o

Meaning: lip. Examples: cheitis, cheiloplasty.

gloss/o

Meaning: tongue. Examples: glossitis, glossopharyngeal.

dent/o

Meaning: tooth. Examples: dentist, dentition, dental.

gingiv/o

Meaning: gums. Examples: gingivitis, gingivectomy.

esophag/o

Meaning: esophagus. Examples: esophagitis, esophagectomy.

enter/o

Meaning: intestine. Examples: enteritis, enteropathy.

col/o

Meaning: colon. Examples: colitis, colonoscopy.

proct/o

Meaning: rectum. Examples: proctitis, proctology.

pancreat/o

Meaning: pancreas. Examples: pancreatitis, pancreatic.

splen/o

Meaning: spleen. Description: filters blood and supports immune system. Examples: splenomegaly, splenic.

encephal/o

Meaning: brain. Examples: encephalitis, encephalopathy.

cerebr/o

Meaning: cerebrum. Description: 80% of your brain, supports thinking, memory, language, feeling, and movement. Examples: cerebrospinal, cerebral.

cerebell/o

Meaning: cerebellum. Description: contains over half of your neurons, help with balance. Examples: cerebellar, cerebellitis.

mening/o

Meaning: meninges. Description: layers that surround and protect your brain and spinal cord. Examples: meningitis, meningocele.

psych/o

Meaning: mind. Examples: psychology, psychosis.

crani/o

Meaning: skull. Examples: craniotomy, cranial.

myelo

Meaning: spinal cord. Examples: myelitis, myelopathy.

gli/o

Meaning: neuroglia. Description: Support cells of the nervous system. Examples: glioma, gliosis.

thalam/o

Meaning: thalamus. Description: central relay station - almost all sensory information (except smell). Examples: thalamic, thalamotomy.

hypothalam/o

Meaning: hypothalamus. Description: connect the pituitary to keep your internal environment stable. Examples: hypothalamic, hypothalamitis.

pituitar/o

Meaning: pituitary. Description: controls: growth, stress response. Examples: hypopituitarism, pituitary.

adren/o

Meaning: adrenal gland. Description: triangular glands that sit on top of your kidneys and release hormones for stress, blood pressure. Examples: adrenalectomy, adrenocortical.

thyroid/o

Meaning: thyroid. Description: butterfly shaped gland in the front of your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, body temperature, and growth. Examples: thyroiditis, hyperthyroid.

parathyroid/o

Meaning: parathyroid. Description: regulate blood calcium levels. Examples: hyperparathyroidism.

thym/o

Meaning: thymus. Examples: thymectomy, thymoma.

mamm/o

Meaning: breast. Examples: mammogram, mammary.

mast/o

Meaning: breast. Examples: mastitis, mastectomy.

gynec/o

Meaning: female. Examples: gynecology, gynecologic.

andr/o

Meaning: male.

hyster/o

Meaning: uterus. Description: where baby develop. Examples: hysterectomy, hysteroscopy.

metr/o

Meaning: uterus. Examples: endometrium, metritis.

oophor/o

Meaning: ovary. Examples: oophoritis, oophorectomy.

salping/o

fallopian tube

vagin/o

Meaning: vagina.

andr/o

Meaning: male.

orchi/o, orchid/o

Meaning: testis.

prostat/o

Meaning: prostate.

vesicul/o

Meaning: seminal vesicle.

oste/o

Meaning: bone.

cost/o

Meaning: rib.

stern/o

Meaning: sternum.

vertebr/o

Meaning: vertebra.

arthr/o

Meaning: joint.

my/o

Meaning: muscle.

ten/o

Meaning: tendon.

burs/o

Meaning: bursa.

ligament/o

Meaning: ligament.

chondr/o

Meaning: cartilage.

fasci/o

Meaning: fascia.

synov/i

Meaning: synovial membrane.

bacteri/o

Meaning: bacteria.

vir/o

Meaning: virus.

myc/o

Meaning: fungus.

parasit/o

Meaning: parasite.

tox/o

Meaning: poison.

chem/o

Meaning: chemical.