Sterile Tech., Gloving, Field, & Dressing Change EXAM 5

Define sepsis

state of infection

define asepsis

state of w/o infection

define sterile

free from living organisms

define medical asepsis

practices used to confine a specific microorganism to specific area

Why do we practice medical asepsis?

to limit growth and transmission of microorganisms

Define surgical asepsis

practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms

Where/when do we use sterile technique? (5)

1. invasive procedures (breaking skin integrity)

2. insertion of tubes

3. sterile dressing changes

4. OR

5. L & D

Define sterile field

specific area considered free of all microorganisms

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

1. all objects used on a sterile field must be ______

sterile

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

2. sterile items must remain above ______ ________ or table

waist level

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

3. keep sterile items within _____ of ______

field of vision

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

4. sterile items can become unsterile by prolonged exposure to ________ microorganisms

airborne

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

5. fluids flow in direction of ______

gravity

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

6. sterile items are contaminated by ______ w/ moisture

contact

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

7. ______ outer edge of field is considered contaminated

1 in

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

8. cannot _______ or ______ over sterile field

reach or cross

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

9. skin cannot be ________

sterilized

PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE):

10. carry essential qualities, be _______, ______, & ________

honest, alert, conscientious

Hold forceps in what direction to prevent contamination?

downward

8 purposes of dressings

1. ______ drainage

2. protect wound from ________ contamination

3. aid in ________

4. _______ wound

5. support or _____ wound site

6. protect pt. from _______ it

7. protect wound from _____ injury

8. provide ______ environment for open wounds

1. absorb

2. microorganism

3. hemostasis

4. debride

5. splint

6. seeing

7. mechanical

8. moist

What kind of healing is a closed wound?

primary intention

CLOSED wounds:

1. healing by ?

2. tissue surfaces are ________ (______)

3. _____, _____ edges (sutures, staples, steri-strips)

4. _____ or _____ tissue loss

5. ______ line

1. primary intention

2. approximated (closed)

3. surgical, even

4. minimal, no

5. incision

OPEN wounds:

1. healing by ?

2. ______ edges, _____ shape

3. _________ tissue loss

4. wound cannot close _________

5. edges may not be _______, may be wide open

1. secondary intention

2. uneven, irregular

3. considerable

4. completely

5. together

PRIMARY healing:

1. wound edges _______

2. healing time _______

3. _____ scarring

4. ______ risk of infection

1. approximated

2. shorter

3. less

4. decreased

SECONDARY healing:

1. wound edges ______

2. healing time _______

3. scarring is _______

4. _____ risk of infection

1. open

2. longer

3. greater

4. increased

DRY STERILE dressing purposes:

1. _____ and _______ wound

2. _____ drainage

1. cover, protect

2. absorb

WET-TO-DRY dressing:

1. place in ______, allowed to dry

2. wound _______

1. wound

2. debridement

When can wounds become infected w/ microorganisms? (4)

1. during surgery

2. after surgery

3. as a result of injury (bullet or knife wounds)

4. dirty environments

How many days post op. does a surgical wound infection usually occur?

2-11 days

Define exudate

fluid and dead phagocytic cells that escape blood vessels during inflammatory process

In wound infections, the exudate is deposited where?

tissue

The type and amount of exudate depends on what 3 things?

1. tissue involved

2. intensity & duration of inflammatory process

3. presence of microorganisms

How does serous wound drainage appear?

clear, watery (plasma)

How does purulent wound drainage appear?

Thick yellow, green, brown, tan

How does serosanguineous wound drainage appear?

pale, pink, watery (mix of clear and red fluid)

How does sanguineous wound drainage appear?

bright red

What is serous wound drainage due to?

mild inflammation

What is purulent wound drainage due to?

presence of bacteria

What is serosanguineous wound drainage common from?

surgical incisions

What does sanguineous wound drainage indicate?

active bleeding

When measuring a wound, what 4 things do we measure?

1. length

2. width

3. depth

4. diameter

When are wound drains used?

when wound drainage interferes w/ healing

3 purposes of irrigating a wound?

1. debride

2. clean it

3. clear for better visualization

4 purposes of packing a wound

1. prevent infection

2. promote healing by secondary intention

3. absorb drainage

4. gently debrides (when its removed)

3 purposes of Wet-to-Dry dressings

1. dries and absorbs _____

2. mechanically _____ wound

3. removal gently pulls off _____

1. debris

2. debrides

3. debris

Wet-To-Dry Dressing principles:

1. ______ wound prior to packing w/ solution ordered by HCP

2. _____ packing material w/ solution ordered by HCP

3. press moistened packing material _____ into wound bed

4. too tight packing may cause too much pressure on wound, inhibiting _______ blood flow

5. ______ _____ must be worn

1. cleanse

2. moisten

3. lightly

4. capillary

5. sterile gloves

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (WOUND VAC)

1. device that assists in _______ _______

2. _____ system

1. wound healing

2. closed

Neg. Pressure wound therapy (Wound VAC) uses localized negative pressure to

1. ____ wound edges together

2. remove ______ from area

3. stimulates _______ tissue formation

1. pull

2. fluid

3. granulation

define dehiscence

partial or total separation of a surgical incision or wound closure

When do dehiscence’s usually occur?

after suture removal

define evisceration

protrusion of an internal organ through wound or surgical incision

What is evisceration proceeded by?

sudden discharge of serosanguineous fluid and tearing sensation

We cover eviscerations with what?

sterile saline saturated dressing

factors that affect wound healing in older adults (9)

1. loss of skin ______

2. skin _______

3. decreased _______ ________ and oxygen

4. slower tissue ________

5. decrease in ________ of ______

6. decreased _______

7. impaired ______ _____

8. ______ illness

9. risk for ______

1. turgor

2. fragility

3. peripheral circulation

4. regeneration

5. absorption of nutrients

6. collagen

7. immune system

8. chronic

9. infection