Bible Exam 2

 What is the Pentateuch?

The first five books of the Old Testament (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy). The Hebrew name is Torah or Hamishah Humshei Torah.

Who is typically recognized as the author of this material? 

Traditionally recognized as Moses.

What is the Documentary Hypothesis, and who is responsible for it?

The theory that the Pentateuch was compiled from four independent sources (J, E, D, P). Responsible: Julius Wellhausen.

What does Genesis mean? 

"Origin" or "Beginning" (from the Greek genesis).

 What is the primeval history? 

Genesis 1-11 (Creation, Fall, Flood, Tower of Babel).

What is the patriarchal history? 

Genesis 12-50 (The stories of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph).

What is toledoth? 

The Hebrew word for "generations" or "account," used as a structuring element in Genesis (e.g., "These are the generations of...").

Be able to discuss the connection between the Bible and science as was discussed in lecture in Walton video. What was Walton’s main contention? What does he mean by functional vs. material ontology? 

Walton's main contention is that Genesis 1 is about functional origins (assigning roles and functions to the cosmos) rather than material origins (how matter was physically made). Functional ontology = ordering the world for a purpose; Material ontology = the physical makeup of things.

What does bara’ mean? 

To create (used exclusively with God as the subject in the OT).

 How does the Genesis account of creation differ from other ancient accounts? 

It is monotheistic (one God), non-violent (creation by word, not combat), and declares humanity as the image of God rather than slaves of the gods.

Explain the structure of creation. 

Six days of creation followed by a seventh day of rest. Days 1-3 form the realms (light/dark, sky/sea, land) and Days 4-6 fill those realms with rulers (sun/moon, birds/fish, animals/humans).

Explain what it means that humans are created in the image of God.

Humans are created to represent God's rule on earth, possessing rational, moral, and relational capacities, and are given dominion over creation.

 Explain God’s plan for marriage as revealed in Genesis 2.

One man and one woman, leaving father and mother, becoming one flesh, and living in a covenant relationship.

What is the tree of the knowledge of good and evil . . . what does it represent?

It represents moral autonomy—the right to decide for oneself what is good and evil, independent of God.

In what areas does the serpent tempt Eve? 

He tempts her by questioning God's Word, denying the consequences of sin, and appealing to her desire for wisdom and equality with God.

 What are the consequences of the humans’ actions in the garden? 

Pain in childbirth, cursed ground and toil for man, alienation from God, and physical death.

 What was the purpose of the flood? 

To judge human wickedness and corruption, and to preserve the righteous line of Noah.

What is covenant? 

A binding agreement between two parties (in the Bible, initiated by God) that establishes a relationship with specific promises and obligations.

What is Genesis 10? 

The Table of Nations (the genealogies of Noah's sons).

How does the tower of Babel represent the pinnacle of human rebellion? 

It represents humanity's attempt to make a name for themselves, unify against God's command to scatter, and reach heaven by their own efforts.

 What did God want for the people?

To scatter and fill the earth.

What did they want for themselves?55. What was the tower? 

To stay in one place and make a name for themselves.

Why did God choose Abram and his family?

By His sovereign grace and to establish a covenant through which all nations would be blessed.

What did he intend to accomplish by his choice? 

To create a chosen nation, give them a land, and bring salvation to the world through his descendants.

What were the three covenant promises made by God to Abram? 

Land, descendants (a great nation), and blessing (to all nations).

What does it mean to “cut a covenant”? 

It refers to the covenant ratification ceremony where animals are cut in half and the parties walk between the pieces, signifying the penalty for breaking the covenant.

What did circumcision signify? 

The outward sign of the Abrahamic covenant, marking one's inclusion in the covenant community.

What is the present-day Christian’s relationship to Abraham and his descendants? 

Christians are spiritual descendants of Abraham through faith in Christ (Galatians 3).

Who was God’s chosen leader to bring the Israelites out of Egypt?

Moses

 How did he protest God’s call? 

By questioning his identity ("Who am I?"), questioning God's name, doubting the people would believe him, and claiming he was not eloquent.

What three things did God accomplish in the exodus? 

He revealed Himself, redeemed His people, and judged the Egyptians/Egyptian gods.

List the ten plagues . . . in order.  

Water to blood, Frogs, Gnats, Flies, Death of livestock, Boils, Hail, Locusts, Darkness, Death of the firstborn.

 What was the theological significance of the exodus?  

It demonstrated God's supremacy over the Egyptian gods and was the central saving act of the Old Testament.

 What was the Passover? What were its elements? 

A memorial festival of deliverance.(Commemorates the liberation of their people from slavery)  Elements: A male lamb without blemish, bitter herbs, unleavened bread, and the blood on the doorposts.

 How does the Chris an Lord’s Supper compare with the Hebrew Passover? 

Both commemorate a great act of redemption. The Lord's Supper was instituted during Passover, and Jesus is the ultimate Passover Lamb.

What two dates are typically put forth for the exodus?

1400 B.C. (early date) and 1290 B.C. (late date).

 What kinds of things did people complain about in the wilderness? 

Lack of water, lack of food (meat/bread), and Moses' leadership.

What did God use to feed the Israelites in the wilderness? 

Manna and quail.

How did God lead the Israelites in the wilderness?

By a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night.

At what mountain did God reveal his law to the people?

Mount Sinai (also called Horeb).

What is theophany? 

A visible manifestation of God to humans (e.g., burning bush, fire on the mountain).

List the Ten Commandments. 

1. No other gods. 2. No idols. 3. Do not misuse God's name. 4. Remember the Sabbath. 5. Honor father and mother. 6. Do not murder. 7. Do not commit adultery. 8. Do not steal. 9. Do not bear false witness. 10. Do not covet.

 What is their structure?

1-4 deal with our relationship to God; 5 is the hinge (first with a promise); 6-10 deal with human relationships.

 What is the Ancient Near Eastern Suzerainty/Vassal Treaty? What are its components?

A formal agreement between a superior king and a subordinate. Components: Preamble, Historical Prologue, Stipulations, Provisions for deposit/reading, Witnesses, Blessings and Curses.

Are God’s people s ll responsible for observing the Ten Commandments today? 

Yes, they reveal God's unchanging moral character and are applied through the New Covenant (not as a means of salvation, but as guidance for holy living).

What was the Tabernacle?

A portable sanctuary/tent where God dwelt among His people.

What were it’s furnishings, and where were they located? 

Courtyard: Altar of Burnt Offering, Bronze Laver.

Holy Place: Table of Showbread, Golden Lampstand, Altar of Incense.

Most Holy Place: Ark of the Covenant.

What is typology?  Be familiar with the typology of the tabernacle and the Ark. 

The study of spiritual correspondences between OT events/objects and NT realities. The Tabernacle represents God's presence and Christ; the Ark represents God's throne and His mercy.

What was the Ark of the Covenant? What did it represent? What was kept inside it?

The most sacred object. Represented God's throne. Contained the Ten Commandments, a pot of manna, and Aaron's rod.

 Be very familiar with Exodus 34:6-7. Go ahead and write it out here. What does it tell us about God? 

"The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty..." It tells us God is both merciful and just.

What is the Hebrew name for the first five books of the Old Testament? 

Torah

What is the Greek name for the first five books of the Old Testament? 

Pentateuch

What is the name of the genealogical/generational sections of Genesis that serve as structuring elements for the book. 

Toledoth

The creation account is a highly structured literary composition.

True

The creation of human beings was the apex of God’s creative program. 

True

The Book of Genesis goes to great lengths to describe the scientific creation of the cosmos.

False

 The Genesis account of creation and the accounts of creation from the Ancient Near East are essentially the same. 

False

God created humans to be sexual creatures; therefore sex outside of marriage is totally acceptable to God. 

False

 The Tower of Babel is likely an example of a ________, a multi-tiered Mesopotamian temple.  

Ziggurat

Circumcision was the sign for Abraham and his family that they chose to live according to the terms of God’s covenant. 

True

One could still expect to receive the covenant blessings even if he was not circumcised. 

False

The book of Genesis ends with Abraham's family in ________. 

Egypt

This is the descendant of Abraham to whom the world appeared to buy grain at the end of Genesis. 

Joseph

 The personal name of God ________ was revealed to Moses when he was appointed as the deliverer of Israel. 

True (YHWH / "I AM WHO I AM").

In commemoration of the final plague and freedom from bondage in Egypt, Israel celebrated a festival known as the ________.

Passover

God’s work in Egypt was designed to convince which of the following groups of people (mark all that apply)? 

The Israelites, the Egyptians, and all nations.

The Exodus from Egypt was the central saving act of the Old Testament.

True

The majority of scholars accept a date for the exodus some time around . . . 

1290 B.C. (late date) or 1400 B.C. (early date) (both are debated; 1290 is often cited as the majority critical view, but 1400 is the conservative biblical view).

At what mountain did God make a covenant with Israel? 

Mount Sinai.

 The covenant given by God at Sinai in no way resembles other Ancient Near Eastern covenants. 

False (It follows the vassal treaty form)

 The Ten Commandments are also known as the ________. 

Decalogue ("Ten Words").

The Ten Commandments only address one’s life in relationship to God.

False

What was the name of the portable tent or sanctuary that served as the symbol God’s dwelling among his people?

The Tabernacle

The tabernacle was always to be erected at the front of the camp.

False

Which word describes God’s appearance in fire and smoke? 

Theophany

Dr. Swindle urged us to view the laws of the Old Testament from the standpoint of revelation – this it he revelation of the character and expectations of a holy God. 

True

One of the major themes of Leviticus is the holiness of God. 

True

 To be holy means to be reverent. 

False. (It means to be "set apart" / qadosh).

Which of the following was housed in the Most Holy Place? 

The Ark of the Covenant.

 The book of Leviticus contains instructions for all of the following except ________. 

The ten commandments, which are in Exodus

Which Israelite feast commemorated the exodus from Egypt?

Passover

 Which of the following was NOT a complaint the Children of Israel made against God in the wilderness? 

They complained about food, water, and Moses' leadership. They did not complain about having too much wealth or being too close to God.

83. The English name "Leviticus" is derived from the Greek title for the book meaning ________. 

"Pertaining to the Levites."

The ________ was instituted as a day of rest in the life of Israel. 

Sabbath

The Hebrew title of the book of Numbers means ________. 

In the wilderness

Which of the following is not a major theme in the book of Numbers? 

Major themes are testing, census, wandering, and God's faithfulness. A non-theme would be "The building of the Temple"

 How many censuses were recorded in the book of Numbers? 

Two

Who was the pagan prophet who was sent to curse Israel but ended up blessing them instead? 

Balaam

One of the major themes in the book of Numbers is testing by God. 

True

God's presence was confirmed to Israel by a ________ that covered the tabernacle and led them through the wilderness. 

Cloud (and pillar of fire)

 The name "Deuteronomy," from the Greek title for the book, means ________. 

“Second Law”

What is the major theme of the book of Deuteronomy? 

Covenant renewal / Obedience to God's law based on His love and faithfulness.

List the Ten Plagues . . . in order. 

• Water to blood,

• Frogs, 

• Gnats, 

• Flies, 

• Death of livestock, 

• Boils, 

• Hail, 

• Locusts, 

• Darkness, 

• Death of the firstborn.

List the Ten Commandments . . . in order. 

No other gods. 

2. No idols. 

3. Do not misuse God's name. 

4. Remember the Sabbath. 

5. Honor father and mother. 

6. Do not murder. 

7. Do not commit adultery.

 8. Do not steal. 

9. Do not bear false witness. 

10. Do not covet.