Kinesiology: Anatomy and Physiology Axial Bones

Parietal bone

(skull) The two bones between frontal and occipital bones

Frontal bone

(skull) The bone in the front of the skull

Occipital

(skull) The bone in the back of the skull

Occipital condyle

(skull) Paired bony bumps where spinal vertebrae connects with skull, inside the skull

Foramen magnum

(skull) Hole where spinal vertebrae connects with skull, inside the skull

External occipital protuberance

(skull) Bony bump in the back of the skull, outside the skull

Temporal bone

(skull) Where the ears are, outside of the skull

External acoustic meatus

(skull) Small bone where the ear is

Mandibular fossa

(skull, temporal bone) Socket where mandible/jaw connects to the main skull

Mastoid process

(skull, temporal bone) Cone shape projection, inferior part

Zygomatic process

(skull, temporal bone) bone next adjacent to the ear that connects to the cheek bone

Sphenoid bone

(skull) inside the skull structure, shaped like a butterfly

Sella turcica

(skull) inside the skull, small arch socket that holds the pituitary gland

Suture

A type of fibrous joint that holds adjacent bones together

sagittal suture

(skull) the suture/line that separates the two parietal bones

Coronal suture

(skull) suture between frontal bone and parietal bone

Lambdoid suture

(skull) suture between occipital bone and parietal bones

Squamous suture

(skull) suture between inferior parietal bone and temporal bone

Maxilla

(skull) central/middle region of the face

Palatine

(skull) sits directly behind the maxilla

Nasal

(skull) upper part of the nose

Lacrimal

(skull) directly adjacent and posterior to the nasal bone

Zygomatic

(skull) scientific name for the cheek bone, inferior and lateral part of the eye socket

Temporal process

(skull, zygomatic bone) posterior-most part of the zygomatic bone

Mandible

(skull) lower jaw

Ramus

(skull) posterior-most part of the mandible

Condylar process (mandibular condyle)

(skull) articulates with mandibular fossa, posterior-most part

Coronoid process

(skull) anterior-most upper part of the mandible

Hyoid

(between skull and vertebrae) Only bone that does not articulate any other bone

Cervical body

(neck spine) anterior part of the bone

Cervical vertebral foreamen

(neck spine) space/hole between all parts

Cervical spinous process

(neck spine) posterior part of the vertebrae

Cervical transverse process

(neck spine) anterior part, forms rings and articulate body

Cervical transverse foramen

(neck spine) holes from the rings of the cervical transverse process

Dens

(neck spine) Only in C2, bony projection pointing superiorly on the body of the cervical

Thoracic body

(spine) anterior part of the thoracic bone

Thoracic vertebral foramen

(spine) Hole in the middle

Thoracic spinous process

(spine) posterior-most medial bone projection

Thoracic transverse process

(spine) The two lateral bone projections

Lumbar body

(lower spine) anterior part of the lumbar vertebrae

Lumbar vertebral foreman

(lower spine) Hole in the middle

Lumbar spinous process

(lower spine) posterior-most bony projection

Lumbar transverse process

(lower spine) lateral-most bone projection close to the posterior

Cervical

(spine) top 7 vertebrae bodies

Atlas

(spine) Top vertebrae body, also known as C1

Axis

(spine) Second vertebrae from the top, also known as C2

Thoracic

(spine) Middle portion of the spine, there are 12, T1-T12

Lumbar

(spine) Bottom portion of vertebrae bodies, there are 5, L1-L5

Sacrum

(spine) Inferior of the lumbar vertebrae, 5 fused bones

Coccyx

(spine) Inferior-most part of the vertebrae, 4-5 fused bones

Rib #1

Short, wide, true rib, flat

Rib #12

Short, narrow, floating rib

True ribs

Superior ribs 1-7

False ribs

Middle ribs 8-10

Floating ribs

Inferior ribs 11-12

Costal cartilage

Cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum

Sternum

Bone where true ribs connect

Manubrium

Superior of the body of the sternum

Xyphoid process

Inferior to the body of the sternum