Anatomy, Bone structure

Axial

Head, spine and ribs, 80 bones

Appendicular

Arms and Legs, 126 bones

Occipital

Back of skull

Parietal

Back sides of head

Frontal

Forehead, up to middle of head

Temporal

Just behind ear

Nasal

Top of nose

Zygomatic

Cheek bones

Maxilla

Front part of face

Mandible

Lower Jaw

Hypoid

Part of Adams apple

Mastoid

Bottom of Ear

Styloid Process

Pointy thing at bottom of Skull

Foramen magnum

Hole at bottom of head

Cervical

Top part of spine, 7 parts

Atlas

Very top part of the spine C1

Axis

Second part of the spine C2

Thoracic

Middle part of spine. Curve acts like spine 12

Lumbar

Bottom part of spine, 5 parts,

Sacrum

Bottom of the spine

Coccyx

Tailbone

Body of vertebra

The round flat part

Spinous process

Pointy part of vertebrae

Transverse process

Points on Vertebrae that go to the sides

Vertebral Foreman

The hole in a Vertebrae for the spinal cord

Xiphiod process

Bottom of sternum, X shape

True ribs

7 on the front

False Ribs

Cartilage joins them together 3

Floating Ribs

2 on each side towards the back

Clavicle

Collar Bone, Doesnt move.

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Humerus

Upper arm Bone

Ulna

Fore arm, pinky sid e

Radius

Forearm, thumb side

Carpals

Wrist bones, 8

Metacarpals

Palm of Hand

Phalanges

Fingers

Ilium

Big flat part of pelvis

Ischium

Part you sit on.

Pubis

Front lower part

Acetabulum

The Ball joint

Femur

upper leg

Tibia

Big boner in lower leg

Malleoulus

Ankle Bones

Fibula

Small boner in lower leg

Tarsals

Back of heel

Metatarsals

footpalm

Phalanges

Toes

Fibrous

non-moveable joints (teeth)

Cartilaginous

Bones that have cartilage in between (vertebrae, ribs)

Synovial

free moving

Hinge

Knee, fingers, elbows

Ball & Socket

shoulder and hip

Pivot

Atlas on the Axis

Ellipsod or Condyloid

Mini ball and Socket Joints

Flexion

Going into a ball, (> then 180)

Extension

Stand up (Joints to 180)

Hyperextension

Extend joints past 180

Dorsiflection

Toes towards shin

Plantar Flexion

Tippy toes

Abduction

Arms away from sides

Adduction

Arms towards sides

Supination

Hands Up

Pronation

Point pams back

Functions of Skeletal system

structure, Movement, Protection, Blood Cell production, and Stores Calcium.

Components of Skeletal system

Bones, Cartilage, Tendons and Ligaments.

Chondroblasts

Cartilage building cells

Chondrocyte

Cartilage cell

Perichondrium

A thin, dense layer of fibrous connective tissue that covers the outside of most cartilage in the body.

Articular Cartilage

Cartilage in a joint

Appositional growth

Adds cartilage to the outside to make it thicker

Interstitial growth

Adds cartilage between tissue

Matrix

The hard, mineralized part of bone made of collagen and calcium salts that gives the skeleton its rigidity.

Osteoblasts

Bone Builders

Osteocytes

Bone Cell

Lacunae

The part that the Osteoblasts are in

Canaliculi

Canals between lacunis

Osteoclasts

Bone cutters

Spongey bones

Found in the thick ends of bones, where bone marrow is stored.

Trabeculae

Interconnecting rods that give the bones support

Compact Bone

More dense Part of the bone, Skinny parts

Haversian Canals

Central part, where the blood vessel is found

Osteon

The basic structural and functional unit of compact bone

Perforating canal

A tiny microscopic channel in bone that runs horizontally, connecting the vertical Haversian canals to each other and to the outer surface of the bone

Long Bones

Bones that are Cylinders

Short Bones

Carpals, Tarsals, Little Rocks

Flat Bones

Mostly Flat and Thin bones, Ribs, Sternum, Cranium,

Irregular Bones

Everything else

Diaphysis

The shaft of the Bone

Epiphysis

The ends of long bones

Epiphyseal plate

Growth plate

Medullary cavity

The hollow central space inside the shaft (diaphysis) of long bones

Periosteum

A thin, dense layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of most bones, except at the joints

Articular Cartilage

A smooth, slippery, and flexible connective tissue that covers the ends of bones where they meet to form a joint