Soil & Science Exam 2

Entisols

Very “young” soils with little or no horizon development

Inceptisols

Relatively “young” soils with weakly developed subsurface horizon

Andisols

Have parent materials of volcanic origin

Histosols

Composed of primarily organic material (organic soil)

Gelisols

Permafrost layer within the first 100 cm

Aridisols

Found in dry climates, characterized with an OCHRIC epipedon

Vertisols

Clay-rich soils that shrink-swell with moisture content

Alfisols

Mildly acidic (>35% base saturation) found under Temperate Forest Vegetation

Mollisols

Dark colored A horizon, formed under Grassland Vegetation

Spodosols

Form under Coniferous Forest vegetation, in Sandy parent materials

Ultisols

low fertility, developed in regions with long growing season

Oxisols

Highly weather and acidic soils found in Tropical Climates

Argic

Form under plow layer, dark color, presents as lamellae (bands)

Albic

light colored horizon >1 cm think (E hor.)

Argillic

accumulation of silicate clays (Bt)

Calcic

secondary accumulation of carbonates >15% CaCo3 >15 cm think (Bk)

Cambric

weak indication , little clay or humus accumulation (Bw or Bg)

Anthropic

accumulation of phosphate due to human an/or animal waster disposal

Folistic

Organic material at surface saturated LESS than 30 days/yr

Histic

organic material at surface saturated MORE than 30 days/yr

Mollic

dark color, rich-surface layer that is thick (>25 cm), base saturation of >50%

Umbric

Base sat (pH=7) less than 50%

Aquic

soil is saturated with water and has little or no gaseous oxygen (GRAY COLOR)

A soil that has high enough moisture to meet a plant needs most years would fall into which SMR?

Udic

Aridic

Soil dry at least ½ of growing season

Xeric

Cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Soil temperature regime where soils annual temperature is lower than 8⁰C but higher than 0⁰C and the difference between mean summer and winter soil temperatures is greater than 5⁰C, with summers being warmer than winter.

Fridgid

Cryic

cold summer temperatures

Mesic

Mean annual temperature above 8⁰ C but less than 15⁰ C, difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperatures is greater than 5 °C

Thermic

Mean annual temperature above 15⁰ C but less than 22⁰ C

Ochric

DOESN’T MEET CRITERIA OF OTHER EPIPEDON