U1P2 (Cont.)

Outer Ear

Collects sound waves and directs them inward.

Ossicles

Three tiny bones in the middle ear.

Eardrum

Thin membrane that vibrates with sound.

Cochlea

Fluid-filled structure for sound transduction.

Basilar Membrane

Triggers nerve impulses via hair cell movement.

Auditory Nerve

Carries neural messages to the brain.

Auditory Canal

Pathway for sound waves to the eardrum.

Semicircular Canals

Structures for balance and spatial orientation.

Oval Window

Membrane that transmits vibrations to cochlea.

Thalamus

Relay station for sensory information to cortex.

Auditory Cortex

Processes sound information in the temporal lobe.

Bipolar Cells

Intermediate cells in the retina transmitting signals.

Ganglion Cells

Cells whose axons form the optic nerve.

Receptor Cells

Detect light; include rods and cones.

Lens

Bends light to focus images on retina.

Fovea

Central point for fine detail and color.

Blind Spot

Point with no receptor cells in retina.

Iris

Muscle controlling pupil size for light entry.

Cornea

Protective outer layer that bends light.

Pupil

Adjustable opening for light entry into eye.

Transduction

Conversion of physical energy into neural impulses.

Difference Threshold

Minimum difference needed to detect changes.

Weber's Law

Perception of difference depends on constant percentage.

Subliminal Signal

Stimulus below absolute threshold for detection.

Sensory Adaptation

Reduced sensitivity to constant stimuli over time.

Priming

Activation of associations influencing perception or response.

Inattentional Blindness

Failure to notice visible objects when focused elsewhere.

Change Blindness

Inability to detect changes in the environment.