CT Board Review

actinomyces arise from ______ granules

sulfur

most common malignant peds GCT

endodermal sinus tumor, yolk sac tumor

what causes ovulation?

LH surge

Sertoli-Leydig

masculinizing tumor of ovarian stroma

Stein-Leventhal/PCOS

superficial predominance and intermed cells w/out crowding

del Castillo

causes galactorrhea post BC

microglandular hyperplasia can be caused by?

oral contraceptives

what FGT organism lacks hyphae?

Torulopsis galbrata

most common cause of cervicitis, elementary bodies

C trachomatis

psammoma bodies are most assoc w/which FGT malignancy?

serous ovarian AdCa

Schiller test

iodine does not stain glycogenated areas of concern on cervix

when are malignant cells considered recurrent?

8 weeks post radiation

mean age of dx for clear cell EM AdCa

20 yo

low risk HPV types

6, 11

high risk HPV types

15, 16, 18, 31, 45

SCCa HPV type

16

EC AdCa HPV type

18

what is a common pitfall for radiation changes in GYN?

folic acid deficiency

when is risk of vaginal adenosis from DES greatest?

8th week of gestation

where are myofibroblasts commonly found?

pt w/hx of radiotherapy for SCCa

liquid based pap cell changes

HSIL more irreg, tumor diathesis clinging to cells, smaller nuc, less keratinization

adenomyosis

ectopic normal EM glands in smooth muscle layer of uterus

rheumatoid pleuritis effusion location

unilateral

gout crystals

monosodium urate

psuedogout also called

chondrocalcinosis

plasma cells in CSF can indicate?

multiple sclerosis

what causes elevated catecholamines in urine?

neuroblastoma

reiter syndrome

intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in synovial cells

Toxoplasma gondii

crescent shaped cystic structures in cytoplasm of histiocytes

scleroderma effusion type

chylous

Mott cells

PAS+ granules that indicate excessive Ig prod in plasma cells

90% of esophageal tumors appear ______ on histo

fungating

most common type of gastric lymphoma

large cell lymphoma

carcinoid tumors are pos for what SS?

fontana masson

copora amylacea

non-calc glycoproteins assoc w/pulmonary edema

calcium oxalate crystals

needle like birefringent in rosettes and wheat sheafs

which type of breast CA is more likely to be ER+?

colloid CA

what neoplasm is considered the premalignant disease of the breast?

fibrocystic disease

myospherulosis

interaction of lipids and RBCs seen in aspirates of fatty sites

LGUN most common molecular mutation

FGFR3

where does UT AdCa originate?

dome of the bladder

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) is used to treat

UT CA

RCC is pos for what SS?

oil red O

malakoplakia

glistening yellow plaques on bladder mucosa, cyanophilic macrophages, PAS+ michaelis-gutman bodies

colorless flat platelike structures w/cut out corners in stairstep config

cholesterol

what SS can help with dx of UT obstruction, hematuria, flank pain

sudan black

seminal vesicle cells

cuboidal to bizarre shaped w/large irreg hyperchrom nuc, golden orange granules in cytoplasm

tyrosine crystals

fine silky needles in sheaves or rosettes

triple phosphate crystals

calcium carbonate crystals

calcium phosphate crystals

nephrolithiasis

chief cells

cuboidal w/round nuc, coarse cytoplasm, secrete proteolytic enzymes

parietal cells

coarse chrom, nucleoli, secrete intrinsic factor and HCl

paneth cells

most common mesenchymal renal neoplasm

angiomyolipoma

most common peds renal neoplasm

Wilms tumor

CEA is increased in

panc cyst MCN, IPMN, smoking, liver disease, PUD, pancreatitis, diverticulitis, dialysis, well diff colon CA, bowel obstruction

CEA is decreased in

panc cyst IOPN, serous cystadenoma

cowden syndrome

assoc w/PTEN, hamartoma, inc CA risk in breast, thyroid, EM, GI

HIV pt are more likely to have what type of cyst?

lymphoepithelial cyst

hyaline globules are more likely with what deficiency?

alpha antitrypsin deficiency

most common mediastinal tumor

neural sheath tumors

what neoplasms are assoc w/paraneoplastic syndrome?

thymoma, SmCCa

most common non-neoplastic ovarian cyst

follicular cyst

Brenner’s tumor

sheets of squamoid cells w/coffee bean folds, hyalinized eosinophilic globules w/concentrically arranged follicular cells

lipofuscin

golden brown on pap, blue green on DQ

most common subtype of Hodgkin disease

nodular sclerosing type

what solution best preserves sputum?

70% EtOH

aminopeptidase positivity suggests

bile duct, kidney, bladder, stomach origin

alkaline phosphatase reacts with AdCa from what body sites?

lung, ovary, EM, kidney

argentaffin granules are seen in what type of lesions?

neuroendocrine

neutral red janus green is used for

differentiating WBCs and histiocytes from mesos

follicular lymphoma translocation

t(14;18), t(8;14)

use of mini-chromosome maintenance with topoisomerase II (ProEx C)

determine likelihood of rapid SIL progression

hairy cell leukemia mutation

ANXA1, CBA44

mantle cell lymphoma mutation

cyclin D1, PRAD1

colorectal CA pt w/BRAF mutations are eligible for what therapy?

EGFR inhibitor therapy

SCCa mutation/overexpression

HER2, EGFR

MSI marker use for Lynch syndrome

if positive, pt has higher risk of hereditary nonpolyposis colon CA

wrinkled tissue paper macrophages are assoc w/what disease?

Gaucher’s disease, diastase resistant

Situs inversus is assoc w/what disease?

Kartagener’s syndrome

what is the most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis?

HSV

Birbeck granules are assoc w/what disorder?

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

what SS is used for ependymoma?

PTAH

what SS is pos in AML, but neg in ALL?

sudan black

CK7+/CK20-

lung AdCa, breast, GYN

CK7-/CK20+

colon

CK7-/CK20-

prostate, renal, HCC

CK7+/CK20+

upper GI, panc, biliary

polycolonal ab

more sensitive, less specific

monoclonal ab

less sensitive, more specific

CML mutation

BCR::ABL1

APL mutation

PML:RARA

Urovysion FISH probe colors

3 red, 7 green, 17 aqua, 9p21 gold

AT/RT mutation

SMARCB1/INI1 or SMARCB2/BRG1

paint/whole chromosome FISH

structural abnormalities

locus specific FISH

deletions, rearrangements, amplifications

centromere specific FISH

enumeration

Sanger seq

dDNTP, single base mutations/genes