Exam II Fall 25 Questions w/ Answer Choices

Which prostaglandin promotes vasodilation and the breakdown ornon-formation of blood clots by platelets? A) PGD2 B) PGE2 C) PGI2 D) PGF2-alpha E) PGH2 which is converted to thromboxane

PGI2

Post-injury or trauma, when macrophages signal fibroblasts to deposit collagen and other fibrous tissue elements of an extracellular matrix-esque deposition, the resulting tissue-repaired section is commonly referred to as a ___. A) scar B) retinaculum C) fascia D) debridement E) Dr. Lee with "ATM" tattooed on his tooth and his "Bourbon VooDoo Hex" he puts on opposing pitchers at Olsen while his lovely and understanding bride remarks: "I have no idea why he does these things! Good luck stopping him!" (-

scar

Sources of histamine is/are ___. I - Mast cells II - Neutrophils III - Hypothalamus A) I B) I and III C) II and III D) I, II and III E) Judge Judy is sincerely hopeful that you make "good choices" during spring break - safe AND productive choices! After all, many have stated that "sacrifice and success live on the same street!"

I and III

The channel or canal that connects two Haversian/Central canals for two different osteans is called a(n) ____. A) Volkman's Canal B) Lacunae C) Caniliculi D) Interstitial lamellae E) Concentric lamellae

Volkman's Canal

General signs of inflammation are: I - Heat II - Blanching III - Loss of functionality IV - Pain V - Pressure VI - Scaring in of the wound A) I, II, IV, V B) II, III, IV, V, VI C) I, II, III, IV and V D) I, III, IV E) None of the above

I, III, IV

Osteogenesis imperfecta is genetically a(n) ____ disorder associated with a defect in one's ____. A) autosomal dominant; collagen B) autosomal recessive ; spongy bone C) autosomal recessive; elastin D) sex-linked , elastin E) autosomal recessive; collagen

autosomal dominant; collagen

You are the attending physician in an emergency room. A 43 year-old patient presents with a bone fracture of the femur . The fracture is perfectly perpendicular to the medullary cavity, has resulted in the non-presence of bone fragments and has penetrated the skin. After conferring with the radiologist, you both concur that the diagnosis of this fracture is (select all that apply). I - Transverse II - Linear III - Oblique displaced IV - Comminuted V - Greenstick VI - Compound A) II, IV and VI B) I, IV and VI C) II and VI D) III, IV and V E) None of the above

None of the above

The area of the epiphyseal/growth plate of a bone that has the most hyperplasia is the Zone of ____. A) Calcification B) Hypertrophy C) Proliferation D) Cartilage E) Ossification

Proliferation

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome is an issue or trauma associated with the ____. A) Achilles (Calcaneal) tendon B) Sciatic nerve C) Mediran nerve D) Medial nerve E) None of the above

None of the above

An issue or trauma with the glenohumeral joint is more than likely which injury? A) Arthritis B) Turf Toe C) Osteogenesis imperfecta D) Carpel Tunnel Syndrome; NO grades E) Dislocated shoulder

Dislocated shoulder

Prolonged or severe throwing motions repeated over time may need a replacement of the ____ which is commonly called "Tommy John Surgery"? According to orthopedid surgeons, which tendons are commonly used to repair this ulnar collateral ligament? A) Anterior cruciate ligament; gastrocnemius B) Syndesmotic ligament; gastrocnemius C) Palmaris longus; gracilis D) Acromioclavicular tendon and the anterior cruciate ligament E) Ulnar collateral ligament; gastrocnemius

Palmaris longus; gracilis

The regions of the epidermis that are alive at all times under normal physiological conditions are the ____ because these alive layers of the epidermis are within ____ cell-lengths of a capillary bed (at least). A) Strata Granulosum and Lucidum; 9–12 B) Strata Corneum and Lucidum; 6–8 C) Strata Lucidum and Granulosum; 9–12 D) Strata Granulosum and Lucidum; 6–8 E) Strata Spinosum and Basale; 6–8

Strata Spinosum and Basale; 6–8

Three weeks ago, your fearful class leader was engaged in his morning ritual of going to the Rec Center and inexplicably "running" in the lap pool. On this particular day, I felt a "pop" and a bit of discomfort came shortly thereafter! How did this "pop" manifest itsely anatomically? A) A linear contusion in the popliteal region B) Edema in the radiocarpal joint C) Edema in the pre-frontal cortex of the brain (please no!) D) Hyperemia (more blood flow) to the olecranon process of the ulna E) Blanching to the anterior process of the tibia

A linear contusion in the popliteal region

If a pharamacological drug/chemical is an antipyretic, that compound is intended to ____. A) lower fever B) promote inflammation C) raise fever D) block the H5 receptor E) James Hetfield of Metallica would like to remind you that Mother Nature…. IS undefeated!

lower fever

Hormones that promote osteclast activity is/are: I - Calcitonin II - Parathyroid Hormone III - Calcitriol IV - Estrogen V - Progesterone A) I and IV B) II, IV and V C) I, II and IV D) II, III and V E) I, II, III and IV

II, III and V

A condition that often affects post-menopausal women whereby there are tiny holes in the bones is called ____. A) osteogenesis imperfecta B) osteoarthritis C) hyperplasia of the growth plate D) a greenstick fracture E) osteoporosis

osteoporosis

The muscles that are part of the rotator cuff in the shoulder are: I - Supraspinatus II - Subscapularis III - Teres major IV - Teres minor V - Infraspinatus VI - Deltoids A) I, II, IV and V B) III, IV, V and VI C) I, II, IV and V D) I, III, IV and VI E) III and VI

I, II, IV and V

Salicylic acid or aspirin, inhibits COX I & II by acetylating (SER 530). Position 1 of the parenthetical reference ("SER") denotes a(n) ____ and position 2 of the parenthetical reference ("530") denotes the (a(n)) ____. A) the actual tripeptide itself; the position of that amino acid within the polypeptide chain B) the stringency of the COX inhibitor; the actual amino acid inhibited by the COX enzyme C) the actual amino acid inhibited by the COX enzyme; the stringency of the COX inhibitor D) the position of that amino acid within the polypeptide chain; the actual amino acid itself E) None of the above

None of the above

A deep layer of of dense connective tissue (fascia) that is typically oval or circular in its morphology that can often times stabilize tendons or even muscles in place is a(n) ____. A) acrochordon B) retinaculum C) lanula D) eponychium E) A and D

retinaculum

In terms of bone remodeling, estrogen will: A) Promote activity of the osteoblasts B) Inhibit osteoclast activity C) Inhibit the apoptosis of osteoblasts D) B and C E) A, B and C

A, B and C

Obligate anaerbes will often time use CO2 and SO42- (two minus) as their terminal electron acceptors reducing methane CO2 to ____ and SO42- to ____. I - CH4 (methane) II - Sulfuric acid III - Arachodonic acid IV - Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) V - Hydroxyapatite VI - Gutathione (GSH) A) II and V B) I and III C) II and VI D) I and IV E) None of the above

I and IV

Turf Toe is an issue or trauma associated with the ____. A) Achilles tendon B) Syndelassmotive igaments C) Dislocation of the hallux D) Fibula dislocation E) None of the above

Dislocation of the hallux

Which prostaglandin promotes pain and is associated with the sleep/wake cycle A) PGI2 B) PGD2 C) PGE2 D) PGF2-alpha E) Thromboxane as an enzymatic product of PGH2

PGD2

Arachidonic acic is released by the enzyme ____ as it resides in the cell membrane typically associated with the phospholipd phosphatidylcholine. A) COX 1 B) COX 2 C) Phospholipase A2 D) Histamine deaminas e E) Histamine decarboxylase

Phospholipase A2

If I were to tell you that drug/compound/chemical "X" was a vasodilator and a bronchoconstrictor, chances are that drug /chemical "X" is **. A) epinephrine B) histamine C) adrenaline D) H2O2 E) A and C

histamine

When my wife changed eyeliner types and had an immediate reaction to the new eyeliner that involved her puffy, itching and red swollen eyes, my best man Dr. Charles Gregory suggested a(n) ___ such as Tagamet (which is actually for heartburn!) Note - The "H" stands for Histamine A) H3 receptor agonist B) H4 receptor antagonist C) H2 receptor antagonist D) H1 receptor agonist E) C and D are both correct

H2 receptor antagonist

Inflammation 101 basically states that inflammation will try to get to the "issue" or what we referred to as "it" in class. Once the cells associated with our defense and repair get to the issue, the inflammatory response will try to remove it, clean it and then repair the issue. The "it" or the issue can typically be ___. I - Irritant II - Pathogen III - Damaged tissue IV - Moribund tissue V - Interstitial fluid A) I and V B) I and III C) II and IV D) I, II and III E) I, II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

The enzymes associated with oxygen radical metabolism using H2O2 as an intermediate when an organism is an obligate aerobe is/are ___. I - Glutathione Peroxidase II - Telomerase III - Catalase IV - Superoxide Dismutase V - Helicase VI - Carboxypeptidase VII - METALLICASE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A) I, II and III B) I, II, III and IV C) III, IV and V D) I, II and VI E) I, II and IV

I, III and IV

For those of us with "nuisance allergies" (NOT life threatening), in the spring, we will often times take ____ in the moring because it does not make us drowsy and then ____ at night to help us sleep. Both of these drugs are (they block) ____ inhibitors/antagonists. A) Zyrtec; Benadryl; H1 B) Tylenol; Ibuprofen; H1 C) Tylenol; Ibuprofen; H2 D) Zyrtec; Benadryl; H2 E) Tagamet; Pepsid AC; H2

Zyrtec; Benadryl; H1

The radiocarpal joint allows for ____ of the wrist joint.. I - Flexion II - Extension III - Adduction IV - Abduction V - "Willie Nelson (Who is a DAMN FINE AMERICAN) Flexion"!! A) I B) I and II C) II, III and IV D) I, III and IV E) I, II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Ibuprofen (trade name Advil) is a competitive inhibitor of ____. I - COX 1 II - COX 2 III - COX 3 IV - H1 Receptor V - H2 Receptor VI - Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) A) IV and V B) I C) I, III and V D) III, IV and V E) I and II

I and II

The layer of bone that is "outside" of the bone and typically wraps itself completely around the bone is called the ____. A) articular cartilage B) medullary cavity C) canilicoli D) periosteum E) spongy bone

periosteum

Look at the picture below. The area designated by the arrow is referred to as ____. A) Concentric lamellae B) Volkman's canal C) Central canal D) Interstitial lamellae E) Caniliculi

Interstitial lamellae

Examination of the eyes (the entire eye or parts of the eye; retina, sclera, pupil, etc.) as a quick, medical diagnostic tool that we have discussed in 319 this semester are: NOTE - Blunt force trauma to the tissues around the eye are NOT being considered for this question. I - Pupillary reflex via light II - Osteogenesis imperfecta (eyes can turn blue) III - The sclera of the eye turning yellow-green which happened to my dad.. ***Note - My dad would want y'all to learn from his experience; Early detection via regular physicals and check-ups ARE the key! IV - A "black eye" one may incur during a physical altercation (Please NO violence)! V - A healthcare professional may pull the lower eyelid down and loof for "bloodshot eyes". A) I and II B) II and IV C) III and IV D) I, II and III E) I, II, III and V

I, II, III and V

Greek and Latin word-root(s) that do not imply or mean "under or below" is/are: I - "Sub-" II - "Infra-" III - "Hypo-" IV - "-itis" V - "Cervi-" VI - "Epi-" A) I, II and III B) I, IV and VI C) II, III and VI D) IV, V and VI E) None of the above

IV, V and VI

Sources of collagen are: I - Fibroblasts II - The hypothalamus III - Chondrocytes IV - Glial cells V - Adipocytes in hepatic tissue A) II, III, IV and V B) I C) I, II, III and IV D) I, III and V E) II, III and V

I

You are the attending physician in an emergency room. A 34 year-old patient presents with a bone fracture of the humerus. The fracture is perfectly perpendicular to the medullary cavity, has resulted in the presence of bone fragments and has not penetrated the skin and the two parts of the humerus are not off-set. After conferring with the radiologist, you both concur that the diagnosis of this fracture is (select all that apply). "off-set" = The two parts of a bone would NOT be flush against each other should one visualize trying to put the two pieces of the bone "back together". I - Transverse II - Linear III - Oblique displaced IV - Comminuted V - Greenstick VI - Compound A) II only B) III, IV and V C) I and IV D) I, IV and VI E) None of the above

I and IV

GSH is the symbol for glutathione. GSH is the most-abundant tripeptide in higher vertebrates of which humans of course are just that. - higher vertebrates that is. The amino acid that is associated with scenging free-radicals is ____ *** The three amino acids DO NOT have to be in the correct order *** A) alanine B) glycine C) glutamic acid (glutamate) D) cysteine E) None of the above

cysteine

Vomiting and diarrhea are defenses. However, should one have prolonged or extensive vomiting and diarrhea, this may unfortunately lead to ____ and ____ if untreated. A) inflammation; non-functionality of proprioceptors B) inflammation; higher levels of calcitriol C) inflammation; higher levels of calcitonin D) dehydration; electrolyte imbalance E) None of the above

dehydration; electrolyte imbalance

If one has a sample of his or her blood drawn and subsequently spun, the major components of blood will settle out based on their density and amount. Thos major compoenets of spun blood are ____. I - Red blood cells II - White blood cells and platelets III - Plasma IV - Hallux (please no)! V - Collagen VI - Hyaluronic acid A) I, II and VI B) I, II and V C) III and V D) I, II and VI E) I, II and III

I, II and III

HPV, as we have discussed in class, can potentially be associated with ____. I - Moles II - Skin tags III - Warts IV - Tommy John surgery V - Osteoporosis VI - Pulmonary edema such that one may drown due to excessive fluid buildup A) II and III B) I, II and III C) I, II and IV D) I, V and VI E) None of the above

II and III

If a molecule is not a waste molecule and must be removed, that molecule would be considered a ____ and if that molecule were also in the blood, that molecule would be considered ____. Choose the two Roman numerals that would apply in thes scenario? I - Endocrine II - Exocrine III - Secreted IV - Excreted V - Epistasis VI - Epigenetic A) I and VI B) II and III C) I and V D) I and II E) IV and I

I, II, III, IV, V, or VI

During the hydrolysis of ATP and it's connection to the Gibbs Free Energy formula, The hydrolysis of ATP would be a ____ Delta H and a ____ Delta S. A) + ; - B) - ; - C) - ; + D) + ; + E) How about that FIGHTIN' TEXAS AGGIE FOOTBALL TEAM!!!!!!!!!!! WHOOOOOOP!!!!!!!

• ; +

If one uses the recptors in one's tendons and fluid from the semi-circular canals in the ear to ascertain elements of position, direction and speed, one would be receiving information regarding ____. A) hypertrophy B) decomposition C) proprioception D) inflammation E) Precipitation

proprioception

In general, with regards to antibiotics & antimycotics, the women and men of science will want to "attack" something that the pathogen ____ that the host ____. A) has; does not have B) does not have; has C) has; has D) does not have; does not have E) None of the above

has; does not have

Name the major types of channels. I - "Leak" II - Ligand-gated receptor/channels III - Voltage-gated A) I B) I and II C) II and III D) I, II and III E) None of the above

I, II and III

II and VIn the early 1960's, reserachers at the University of florida created a special drink to help their athletes replenish enery and elctrolytes during a game called "Gatorade" which is associated with letting sodium and glucose enter a cell at the same time. Please choose all terms that apply to the specifics of this particular integral protein. I - Primary active transport II - Secondary active transport III - Antiport IV - Symport V - Uniport VI - METALLICAPORT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A) I and IV B) II and IV C) I and V D) II, III and IV E) I and III

II and IV

Which histamine receptor is associated with chemotaxis? A) HR1 B) HR2 C) HR3 D) HR4 E) HR5

HR4

Antiperspirants are associated with limiting the activity of the ____ while deodorants are associated with limiting the activity of ____ I - Eccrine sudoriferous glands II - Axillary sudoriferous glands III - Sebaceous glands IV - Thiol alcohols like "3M3SH" V - All methyl and propyl antioxidants VI - James Maynard Keenan of the alternative rock band TOOL (!) would want you to embrace the transcendent nature & power of solitude and reflection. A) I and IV B) II and V C) I, II and V D) I, III and V E) None of the above

Eccrine sudoriferous glands and Thiol alcohols like "3M3SH"

Moles of the skin should be monitored using an acronym that reads as "A, B, C, D and E". Please choose all the Roman numerals that apply given the aforementioned acronym. I - Acrochordons II - Borders III - Color IV - Diapedesis V - Epistasis A) I, II and V B) I, III and IV C) II, III and IV D) II and III E) None of the above

Borders and Color

BONUS Question for 2.5 bonus points: Who or what is famously associated with the expression: "We'll see……" A) Some lowly soul who might be characterized by Gen Z as "Unc" and "Chopped B) The Bad Bunny C) Ice Cube D) The "cooked" University of Florida fan and was NOT saying nice things about our beloved University but your fearful leader said NOTHING to him and as such your fearful leader was NOT put back into "Tailgate Timeout"! E) The Zen Master

The Zen Ma