Bio93 - Lecture 3 - Wood/Mattheo/Green

Bio93 - Macromolecules 1: Carbon, Carbohydrates and Lipids

Carbohydrates

An organic biomolecule made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms.

Lipids

A diverse group of organic, water-insoluble (hydrophobic) biomolecules made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that dissolve in nonpolar solvents like chloroform

Proteins

Large, complex biological macromolecule made of long chains of amino acid building blocks linked by peptide bonds

DNA

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Chemical/Functional Groups

A specific group of atoms or bonds within a molecule that dictates its characteristic chemical reactions and physical properties

Polymer

A large chemical molecule made of many smaller, repeating structural units called monomers linked together by covalent bonds

Monosaccharide

Simplest form of a carbohydrate, commonly known as simple sugar that cannot be broken down into smaller sugars by hydrolysis

Disaccharide

Simple sugars formed when two monosaccharide molecules join through a chemical bond

Polysaccharide

Large, complex carbohydrates made of long chains of simple sugar molecules (monosaccharides) linked together by chemical bonds

Saturated Fat

A type of dietary fat that is typically solid at room temperature

Unsaturated Fats

Healthy dietary fats that remain liquid at room temperature because their chemical structure includes one or more double bonds

Phospholipids

Vital biological molecules made of a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails that form the main structure of cell membranes

Steroids

A broad class of organic chemical compounds defined by a specific core structure of four linked rings, acting naturally as hormones in the body or functioning as artificial medicines