BIOLOGY II : INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE

derm-

skin

ungu-

nail

epi-

above

kerat-

hard

melan-

dark

hypo-

low

sudor-

sweat

seb-

oil

pil-

hair

papill-

nipple

REVIEW INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM & NAIL DIAGRAMS

what are the functions of the integumentary system ?

protection from water, air, infection, chemicals, UV Radiation sensations ( such as pressure, heat, cold, & pain

what are the layers of the integumentary system?

epidermis , dermis , hypodermis

what are the layers of the epdidermis system?

COME LETS GET SUN BURNT

stratum Corneum

layers of dead skin cells. 20-30 thick. regularly sheds

stratum Lucidum

a thin clear layer ONLY FOUND IN THICK SKIN

stratum Granulosum

accumulates keratin granules responsible for water-proofing skin

stratum Spinosum

named for the irregular shape of cells

stranum Basale

constantly dividing & pushing up cells into the next layer ( only living layer )

what are the layers of the dermis ?

papillary layer ( made of loose connective tissue ) , reticular layer ( made of bundles of collagen fibers )

what are melanocytes ?

spider shaped epithelial cells

what do melanocytes do ?

produce a pigment called melanin which is absorbed by the nearby epidermal cells

where are melanocytes located?

foundin the bottom 2 layers of the epidermis

what is the function of melanin?

protects the skin agaainst UV rays

what determines if a person will be lightskinned or dark skinned?

it depends on how much melanin is produced by melanocytes

why is UV radiation harmful to the skin?

uv radiation can mutate a skin cell’s DNA, the cells begin to divide uncontrollably which can lead to skin cancer

what are the 4 functions of hair on the body?

keeps in heat & protects us from the sun, alerts us to insects, protects the eyes, prevents the entry from foreign object

what are the lines of cleavage?

the arrangement of the collagen fibers

why are the lines of cleavage important?

reduces scarring & improves wound healing processes

what are the functions of the sebaceous glands?

produces sebum ( oil ) , lubricates , protects , & kills bacteria on hair

what are the types of skin cancer?

melanoma , basal cell carcinoma , squamous cell carcinoma

melanoma

uncontrollable divide of melanocytes

basal cell carcinoma

cancer in the basale

squamous cell carcinoma

cancer in the spinosum

what are dermal papillae

a wavy layer which serves as the boundary between the epidermis & the dermis

what are the functions of the blood vessels in the dermis ?

they swell causing the skin to appear red during exercise which allows heat ffrom the blood to dissipate

what are the immediate medical concerns from severe burns ?

the burn victim must receive medical intervention immediately to offset these losses before dehydration, hypothermia & shock set in

what are the two types of sudoriferous glands?

eccrine and apocrine

what do eccrine glands do ? where are they found?

eccrine glands are long tubes that open into pores on the surface of the skin and are often found on palms & soles of feet.

what do apocrine glands do ? where are they found?

apocrine glands contain bacteria that break down proteins and are almost always found in the armpit & genital areas

what are the visible parts of the nail ?

free edge & body

what are the non visible parts of the nail ?

root & nail bed

how are fingerprints formed ?

fingerprints are formed by unique patterns of ridges and valleys in the fingertips.

what are the 3 types of finger prints

arch , loop, whorl

arch

ridges start on one side of the finger, rise in the middle and exit on the other side

loop

ridges start on one side of the finger, rise and  loop in the middle and exit on the same side. Loops can face towards either side of the finger 

whorl

ridges form a round shape in the centerof the finger 

what is the most common fingerprint ?

loop

first degree burn

only superficial epidermis is damaged. skin is red & uncomfortable

second degree burn

third degree burn

fourth degree burn