Strong Acid And Bases

Hydrochloric Acid

HCI: This is a strong acid

Conjugate base is I-

Hydrobromic Acid

HBr: This is a strong Acid

Conjugate base is Br-

Hyrdoiodic Acid

HI: This is a strong Acid

Conjugate Base is I-

Nitric Acid

HNO3: This is a strong Acid

Conjugate base is; NO3-

Sulfric Acid

H2SO4: This is a strong Acid

Conjugate Base: HSO4-

Perchloric Acid

HCLO4: This is a strong acid

Conjugate Base: CLO4-

Lithium Hydroxide

LiOH: Strong Base

Conjugate Acid: H2O

Sodium Hydroxide

NaOH: This is a strong base

Conjugate Acid: H2O

Potassium Hydroxide

KOH: This is a strong Base

Conjugate Acid is H2O

Rubidium hydroxide

RbOH: This is a strong base

Conjugate Acid: H2O

Cesium hydroxide

CsOH: this is a strong base

Conjugate Acid: H2O

Calcium Hydroxide

Ca(OH)2: This is a strong base

Conjugate Acid: H2O

Strontium Hydroxide

Sr(OH)2: This is a strong base

Conjugate Acid: H2O

Barium Hydroxide

Ba(OH)2: This is a strong base

Conjugate Acid: H2O

Ammonia

NH3: This is a weak base

Conjugate Acid: NH4+

• Nitrogen-Based Weak Bases

What is a weak vs strong base

Strong: completely ionizes in water so only needs 1 arrow going forward

Weak: Partially ionizes so you need double equilibrium arrow to show that it is reversible and more than likely try to take back the H+

What is a strong vs weak conjugate base

conjugate bases are the leftover piece of an acid once it gave up its H+ proton (Cl- or F-)

strong conjugate base: produced by weak acids and are highly unstable and try to steal the H+ back (reactive)

• Example: HF (weak acid) and F- ( strong conjugate base to steal H+ back)

weak conjugate base: produced by strong acids and are highly stable and are happy without taking the H+ back from the acid (unreactive)

• Example: HCl (strong acid) and Cl- (weak conjugate base and is fine by itsself)

Type of weak bases: Amines

• are always WEAK bases

• formatted like RNH2, R2NH, R3N)

  • CH3NH2, CH3CH2CH2NH2, (C6H5)2 NH

• Apart of the Nitrogen-Based Weak Bases

  

Type of weak bases: Carbonates and Bicarbonates

• Are always WEAK bases

• Carbonate: CO^₃2-

  • Comes from Parent Acid H2CO3 (weak acid)

  • The -2 charge make it very unstable and and reactive

• Bicarbonate: HCO_{3 ^-}

  • Example: NaCO₃, KHCO₃, Ca(HCO3)₂

Types of Weak Bases: Anions of Polyprotic Acids

Polyprotic Acid: Can give more than one H+ in a chemical reaction

• Examples: H₂SO₄, H₂CO_3, H₃PO_4, C₆H₈O₇

For example H2SO4 (acid) Produces HSO₄^-, which is a weak base