PSYCH Ch 9: Human Development --- Moral development and Identity Formation

test 3 ch 9

prosocial behaviors

voluntary actions performed solely to benefit another person; requires empathy

Moral Reasoning

cognitive ability to judge right and wrong, consider motivations and consequences; one element of this is inequity aversion

inequity aversion

our strong dislike of unfairness

moral emotions

shame, guilt, disgust, embarrassment, pride, gratitude

Kohlberg’s levels of moral development

preconventional, conventional, post-conventional

preconventional

1st level of Kohlberg’s levels of moral reasoning, the self-interest and immediate outcomes

Conventional

2nd level of Kohlberg’s levels of moral reasoning; societal rules and social approval; most people will only reach this level

Post-conventional

3rd and final level of Kohlberg’s levels of moral emotions; abstract/universal principles and the value of all life; isn’t actually witnessed all that often

Gilligan’s Justice and Caring

balancing reasoning with emotion; society’s needs vs the needs of my circle of family/friends; with others i favor justice, with US i favor caring

Adult Identity Formation

a. physical appearance changes (puberty)

b. cognitive abilities increase (allowing for introspection)

c. social pressure mounts

moratorium

you haven’t figured out who you are yet, but you’re exploring your options

foreclosure

going with the decision that other people want you to do because you don’t know what to do