HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUIZ #3

Flexion

Bending a joint

Extension

Straightening a joint

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline

Circumduction

Moving a limb in a circular motion

Pronation

Turning the forearm so the palm faces down

Supination

Turning the forearm so the palm faces up

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward

Rotation

Moving the head or body around a central axis

Protraction

Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

Retraction

Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

Elevation

Raising a body part

Depression

Lowering a body part

Inspection

Looking at the body for abnormalities

Palpation

Using the hands to feel for abnormalities

Range of Motion (ROM)

The extent to which a joint can move

Active Range of Motion (AROM)

Movement performed independently by the patient

Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

Movement performed by the examiner

Muscle Strength Testing

Assessing the ability to move against resistance

Hypertrophy

Increase in muscle size

Atrophy

Decrease in muscle size

Crepitus

Grinding or cracking felt or heard during movement

Muscle Spasm

Involuntary muscle contraction

Kyphosis

Exaggerated outward curvature of the upper back

Lordosis

Exaggerated inward curvature of the lower back

Scoliosis

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine

Tinel Sign

Tapping over the median nerve at the carpal tunnel and checking for tingling

Phalen Test

Holding the wrists in palmar flexion with the backs of the hands together and checking for numbness

Bulge Sign

A test used to detect fluid in the knee joint

5/5 Muscle Strength

Full range of motion against gravity and full resistance

4/5 Muscle Strength

Full range of motion against gravity and some resistance

3/5 Muscle Strength

Full range of motion against gravity without added resistance

2/5 Muscle Strength

Full range of motion with gravity eliminated

1/5 Muscle Strength

Slight muscle contraction without joint movement

0/5 Muscle Strength

No muscle contraction

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Joint connecting the jaw to the skull

Lymph Nodes

Small structures that filter lymphatic fluid and remove microorganisms

Cervical Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes that drain the head and neck

Axillary Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes that drain the breast and upper arm

Epitrochlear Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes located near the elbow that drain the lower arm

Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes that drain most of the lower extremity external genitalia and anterior abdominal wall

Preauricular Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes located in front of the ears

Lymphadenopathy

Enlargement of lymph nodes greater than 1 cm

Normal Lymph Nodes

Mobile discrete soft and nontender

Abnormal Lymph Nodes

Nodes that may be enlarged tender or have an abnormal consistency

Tracheal Deviation

Displacement of the trachea away from the midline

Thyroid Bruit

An abnormal sound heard over an enlarged thyroid using a stethoscope

Subjective Data

Information reported by the patient

Objective Data

Information observed or measured by the nurse

Headache Onset

When a headache begins

Headache Location

Where the headache occurs

Headache Character

The quality or severity of headache pain

Headache Duration

How long a headache lasts

Headache Precipitating Factors

Factors that trigger a headache

Headache Associated Symptoms

Other symptoms such as nausea vomiting vision changes or weakness

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A standardized tool used to assess level of consciousness

GCS Eye Response

The patient's eye-opening response

GCS Verbal Response

The patient's verbal response

GCS Motor Response

The patient's motor response to commands or stimuli

Maximum GCS Score

15

Minimum GCS Score

3

GCS Score of 7 or Less

A score that reflects coma according to the professor's slides

Early Neurological Change

A change in level of consciousness

Late Neurological Change

Changes in pupil findings

Level of Consciousness (LOC)

The patient's degree of alertness and responsiveness

Drowsiness

Reduced alertness with the ability to be aroused by stimulation

Localizing Pain

Moving a limb toward the source of a painful stimulus

Withdrawal From Pain

Moving a body part away from a painful stimulus

Decorticate Rigidity

Abnormal flexion of the upper limbs with extension of the lower limbs

Decerebrate Rigidity

Abnormal extension and internal rotation of the upper limbs

Cerebellum

Brain structure responsible for coordination balance smooth movement and muscle tone

Frontal Lobe

Brain region involved in personality behavior emotions intellectual functions and voluntary movement

Broca Area

Brain area involved in motor speech

Parietal Lobe

Brain region involved in interpreting sensory information

Occipital Lobe

Brain region responsible for processing visual information

Temporal Lobe

Brain region involved in hearing memory emotion and language comprehension

Wernicke Area

Brain area involved in language comprehension

Brain Stem

Brain structure involved in basic functions such as breathing heart rate and blood pressure

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Cranial nerves spinal nerves and their branches

Sensory Neurons (Afferent)

Neurons that carry information toward the central nervous system

Motor Neurons (Efferent)

Neurons that carry information away from the central nervous system

Cranial Nerves

12 pairs of nerves associated with the brain

Spinal Nerves

31 pairs of nerves associated with the spinal cord

Dysmetria

Inability to accurately control the distance or range of a movement

Dysdiadochokinesia

Difficulty performing rapid alternating movements

Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM)

A coordination test involving quick alternating movements

Finger-to-Nose Test

A test of coordination in which the patient touches their nose and the examiner's finger

Heel-to-Shin Test

A coordination test in which the patient slides one heel down the opposite shin

Heel-to-Toe Walking

A test of balance and gait in which the patient walks with one foot directly in front of the other

Romberg Test

A balance test performed while standing with the feet together and eyes closed

Positive Romberg Finding

Loss of balance or excessive swaying when the eyes are closed

Pain Sensation Test

A test using sharp and dull stimuli to assess pain sensation

Light Touch Test

A test using a light stimulus such as a cotton ball to assess sensation

Vibration Sense

A sensory ability assessed using a vibrating tuning fork

Position Sense

The ability to recognize the position of a body part

Stereognosis

The ability to identify a familiar object by touch without looking

Graphesthesia

The ability to identify a number or letter traced on the skin

Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)

Reflexes used to assess neurological function