Primary Sources Assignment 1: Part I Quiz

What phrase does Booker T. Washington use to tell Black Southerners to find opportunity locally rather than migrate elsewhere?

Cast down your bucket where you are

What does Washington say about social equality in his address?

That pursuing it now is "the extremest folly" — rights should come through gradual economic progress, not agitation.

What organization did Du Bois's Niagara Movement address represent, and what later group did it lead to?

The Niagara Movement; precursor to the NAACP.

What are the first two demands Du Bois lists in his address?

Full voting rights ("manhood suffrage") and an end to discrimination in public accommodations.

Does Du Bois's address endorse violence?

No — explicitly rejects violence (raids, mobs, militarism), calls instead for "persistent, unceasing agitation.

Who gave firsthand testimony about the Wounded Knee Massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs?

Hawk and American Horse (Sioux leaders).

What triggered the mass killing at Wounded Knee, according to their testimony?

A single shot fired by one young man after the Sioux had been disarmed by soldiers.

What detail do Turning Hawk/American Horse emphasize about who was killed?

Women and children were deliberately targeted, not just caught in crossfire — including a woman shot near a flag of truce while holding a nursing infant.

What organization did Laura Kellogg help found?

The Society of American Indians (SAI), 1913.

What is Kellogg's stance on assimilation vs. cultural preservation?

A middle path — selectively adopt useful white education/knowledge while preserving Native self-respect and identity, not full assimilation.

According to Kellogg, how many Native children were without school access?

About 9,000.

What health issue does Kellogg criticize in boarding schools?

Overcrowding and exposure to contagious diseases (trachoma, tuberculosis) due to inadequate medical care.

What term does Andrew Carnegie use to describe the proper role of a wealthy person?

A "trustee" for the poor.

What philosophy does Carnegie compare the "law of competition" to?

Survival of the fittest.

According to Carnegie, how should wealthy people distribute their surplus fortune?

Administer it themselves, during their lifetime, for the public good — not simply pass it to heirs.

What political party produced the Omaha Platform?

The People's Party (Populists), 1892.

What two classes does the Omaha Platform preamble say society has split into?

Tramps and millionaires

What does the Omaha Platform demand regarding railroads?

Government ownership and operation of railroads (also telegraph/telephone).

What currency reform does the Omaha Platform demand?

Free and unlimited coinage of silver (not just gold).

What do Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" and the Omaha Platform represent in opposition to each other?

Two opposing views on inequality — Carnegie defends it as natural/beneficial; the Populists see it as corrupt and demand government intervention.

Which document uses the metaphor of a shipwrecked vessel being told "cast down your bucket where you are"?

Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Exposition Address.