Chapter 13 Medical Terminology

 Ophthalmology

is a diagnosis and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye The Specialist is an ophthalmologist

Audiology

is a diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hearing disorders and Audiologist is the healthcare specialist in this field

Otorhinolaryngology

Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the ears, notes, and throat

Orbit

Each of our paired eyes is encased in a protective bony socket called

binocular vision

Binocular vision sends two slightly different images to the brain that produce depth of vision

Eyebrows

Mark the supraorbital area and provide a modest amount of protection from perspiration and sun glare

canthi

corner of the eyes

palpebral fissure

The area where the upper and lower eyelids meet

 palpebration

blinking

conjuctiva

Protective thin mucous membrane that lines the eyelids

tears

Sebaceous glands in the eyelid secrete oil to lubricate the eyelashes and lacrimal glands above the eyes produced tears

meibomian gland

Sebaceous glands for eyelashes

lacrimal gland

 tear gland, provide a constant source of cleansing and lubrication for the eyes

lacrimation

process of producing tears

 lacrimal sacs and nasolacrimal ducts

carry the tears to the nasal cavity

Extraocular muscles

attach the eyeball to the orbit and, and impulse from the cranial nerves, move the eyes

Fibrous tunic

outer layer of the eye, consist of the sclera and cornea

Vascular tunic

middle layer, consist of the uvea, which is made up of the choroid, ciliary body, and Iris

Nervous tunic 

inner layer of the eye, consist of the retina

Accommodation

process in which the lens flatten to adjust to something seen at a distance, or thickens for close vision

sclera

Outermost lateral and posterior portion of the eye, the white of the eye

cornea

Portion of the sclera that covers the anterior section of the eye is transparent

iris

A smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to moderate the amount of light that enters the eye

pupil

Dark area in the center of the iris where the light continues its progress through the lens

lens

Avascular structure made of protein and covered by an elastic capsule

aqueous humor

Fluid produced by the capillaries of the ciliary body

Nourishes the cornea, give shape to the anterior eye, and maintains an (IOP)

Vitreous humor / vitreous body

Between the lens and the retina is a jelly-like substance, which holds the choroid membrane against the retina to ensure an adequate blood supply

rods

Appear throughout the retina and our responsible for vision and dim light

cones

Concentrated in the central area of the retina and are responsible for color vision

macula lutea

During the daylight, the area of the retina on which the light rays Focus

fovea central

Area within the macula that contains only cones and provides the sharpest image

optic disk

Area that allows a natural blind spot in our vision, there are no light receptors there

canthus

canth/o

choroid

choroid/o

ciliary body

cycl/o

conjunctiva

conjuctiv/o

cornea

corne/o, kerat/o

eye

ocul/o, opthalm/o

eyelid

blephar/o, palpebr/o

iris

ir/o,irid/o

lacrimal gland

dacryicyst/o

lens

phak/o, phac/o

macula lutea

macul/o

optic disk

papill/o

orbit

orbit/o

pupil

pupill/o, core/o, cor/o

retina

retin/o

sclera

scler/o

tears

lacrim/o, dacry/o

uvea

uve/o

vision

opt/o, optic/o

vitreous humor

vitre/o, vitr/o

bin-

two

extra-

outside

supra-

above

Blepharedema

 Swelling of the eyelid

Blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid

-edema

selling

 Blepharochalasis

Hypertrophy of the skin of the eyelid

ectropion

Turning outward (eversion) of the eyelid, exposing the conjunctiva

ec-

out

-chalasis

relaxation, slackening

-ptosis

sagging, drooping

trop/o

turning

entropion

 turning inward of the eyelid toward the eye

chalazion

Hardened swelling of a meibomian gland resulting from a blockage. also called a meibomian cyst

hordeolum

stye; infection of one of the sebaceous glands of an eyelash

Dacryoadenitis

Inflammation of a lacrimal gland

Dacryocystitis

Inflammation of a lacrimal sac

epiphora

 overflow of Tears; excessive lacrimation

xerophthalmia

Dry eye; lack of adequate tear production to lubricate the eye. usually the result of vitamin A deficiency

 conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva commonly known as pink eye, a highly contagious disease

ophthalmia neonatorum

 Severe, purulent conjunctivitis in the newborn, usually due to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection

neo-

new

nat/o

born

xer/o

dry

amblyopia

dull or dim vision due to disuse

diplopia

 double vision. emmetropia means normal vision

Eostropia

turning inward of one or both eyes

exophthalmia

Protrusion of the eyeball from its orbit

exotropia

 turning outward of one or both eyes

photophobia

 Extreme sensitivity to light

phot/o

light

eso-

inward

-opia

visual condition

ambly/o

dull, dim

strabismus

General term for lack of coordination between the eyes

Astigmatism 

malcurvature of the cornea, leading to blurred vision

hyperopia

Farsightedness, Refractive error that does not allow the eye to focus on nearby objects

myopia (MY)

 nearsightedness refractive error that does not allow the eye to focus on distant objects

presbyopia

 Progressive loss of elasticity of the lens

Corneal ulcer

trauma to the outer covering of the eye, resulting in an abrasion

keratitis

Inflammation of the cornea

my/o

to shut

presby-

old age

anisocoria

Condition of unequally sized pupils, which is sometimes due to pressure on the optic nerves as a result of trauma or lesion

hyphema

Blood in the interior chamber of the eye as a result of hemorrhage due to trauma

mydriasis

Abnormal condition of dilation of pupil due to drugs, illness, or trauma

uveitis

Inflammation of the uvea

mydr/o

widen, enlarge