Biology test

What is the name of the scientist who first saw cells under a microscope?

Robert Hooke

Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwan

Determined all plants and animals are made of cells

Rudolph Virchow

Expanded to state that cells came from pre-existing cells

The modern cell theory states…

Cells are the structural and functional units of all living things

Cells only come from other pre-existing cells

Organisms that are only made of one seller called _____ these include bacteria, some fungi, and algae.

Unicellular

Organism is made of more than one cell are called ______ these include plants, animals, some fungi, and algae

Multicellular

Cells that contain membrane bound organelles

Eukaryote

Cells that don’t contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Prokaryote

Mitochondria

Eukaryotic, converts energy from sugars into usable energy for the cell

Nucleus

Eukaryotic, controls actions of the cell and contains genetic material

Central vacuole

Eukaryotic, stores water, sugars, salt, and proteins, maintains trugor pressure

Lysosome

Eukaryotic, contains digestive enzymes that breakdown food type of vacuole

Golgi apparatus

Eukaryotic, receives substances from ER and packages them into membrane called vessels modifies and packages proteins

Smooth ER

Eukaryotic, processes fats, breaks down toxins, transports materials around the cell

Rough ER

Eukaryotic, Processes proteins, transports materials around cell

Ribosome

All, Uses amino acids and RNA to make proteins

Cell membrane

All, outer barrier of cell control controls what goes in and out

Cell wall

Prokaryotic and producer, provide strength and rigidity to the cell

Cytoplasm

All, consist of everything in cell membrane except for nucleus, contain le fluid, which organelles are suspended

Cytoskeleton

Eukaryotic, system of fibers that help maintain the cells shape and provides motor proteins with a track/pathway

Centrosome

Eukaryotic, builds parts of the cytoskeleton

Chloroplast

Convert light energy to chemical energy photosynthesis

The internal balance within the system of living organisms that must be kept stable in order to maintain life

Homeostasis

The diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane allows water to move in and out of a cell

Osmosis

A membrane that allows certain substances to pass through, but not others

Semipermeable membrane

Substances tend to move from an area of ____ concentration to an area of______ concentration

High to low

What is the difference between passive of an active transport?

Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane without the use of chemical energy

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane with the use of chemical energy

List the factors that determine if passive transport can occur

Particle size, particle polarity, Particle shape, Membrane composition, temperature.

What is facilitated diffusion is it active or passive transport?

Facilitated diffusion occurs when molecules move through the membrane with the help of transport proteins. It is passive transport.

endocytosis is used to move large molecules (into OR out of) well exocytosis is used to move large molecules (into OR out of) the cell

Into, out of

Combines small molecules to make larger ones to store energy

Anabolism

Living things use stored energy to carry on life processes through chemical reactions

Catabolism

All processes that get, save, and use energy. 2 of an organism

Metabolism

ATP stands for ____ the three parts of ATP are ____, a sugar group called ____, and three ____ groups

Adenosine Triphosphate, adenine base, ribose, phosphate

The energy for ATP is held in the bonds of molecules. When ATP reacts with _____ one _____ is released, producing ADP, and energy can be used

Water, phosphate group

DNA is a ______ acid, made of a chain of nucleotides. Nucleotides are made of a sugar called _____, a ______ group, and one in four _____ bases

Nucleic, deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogen

In DNA adenine always pairs with ____ using a ____ bond, and cytosine always pairs with ______ using a _____ bond. However, an RNA adenine binds to ______

Thymine, double, guanine, triple, uracil

Which part of the DNA make up the backbone of the “ladder”

Phosphates and sugars groups

Which part of DNA makes up the “rungs” of the “ladder”

Nitrogen containing bases