BIO - Chap 5

Organic Compounds

Compounds that consist of mainly carbon

Monomer

simple organic subunit that assemble the molecules of life

Molecules of life

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Polymers

repeated monomers

Carbohydrates

organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are used for storing energy

Monosaccharides

the monomer (building block) of carbohydrates

Complex carbs / polysaccharides

chains of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides

Lipids

a group of fatty, oily, or waxy organic compounds

Fatty Acids

the monomer made for lipids made up of two parts; head and tail

Phospholipids - polymer

multiple fatty acids bonded together

Cell membrane

outer layer of the cell

Nucleotide

the monomer of nucleic acids; genetic materials

Nucleic Acids

the molecules that contain genetic information and determines the makeup of proteins in all of an organism’s cells

Proteins

organic compounds that perform several functions for living things, as structural support and drive chemical reactions

Amino acids

the monomer for proteins; 20 different kinds

Protein Structure

complex proteins are made of a chain of amino acids bonded together by a peptide bond

Functions of proteins

structural support, drive chemical reactions

Functions of Nucleotides

hold genetic materials

Chemical reaction

a process in which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming chemical bonds, they either absorb or release energy

Reactants

substances that are the input of a chemical reaction

Products

substances that are the output of the chemical reaction

Activation energy

the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Catalyst

used to increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up in the process, they LOWER the activation energy needed.

Enzyme/Biological catalyst

most enzymes for living things are protein, they lower the activation energy of a reaction by providing pathways for molecules to interact more easily.

What is an enzyme?

composed of amino acids

What is the Active site?

on the surface of the enzyme and has a particular shape.

Substrate?

The molecule that fits into the active site

Common enzymes in the human body:

Lactase, salivary amylase, maltase, lipase