Peds & OB Midterm

Antepartum

During pregnancy

Intrapartum

DURING labor and delivery

Postpartum

irst 6 weeks after birth

Prenatal

fetus during pregnancy

Neonatal

newborn after delivery

Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD)

a vaginal birth without drugs, forceps, and techniques to induce labor

Certified Nurse Midwife

advanced practice nurse who delivers babies

Gravida

any pregnancy, including present

Nulligravida

never been pregnant

Primigravida

in first pregnancy

Multigravida

second or more pregnancy

Para

number of births past 20 weeks

Nullipara

never completed a pregnancy

Primipara

has had one viable birth

Multipara

two or more viable births

What does GTPALstand for?

Gravidity (# of pregnancys)

Term ( # of pregnancys carried to 37+ weeks)

Preterm (# of pregnancys b/w 20-36 weeks)

Abortion ( # of losses before 20 weeks)

Living (# of living children)

Pre-menarche

before a women starts her period

Menarche

first period

Post-menarche / Pre-menopause

childbearing years

Perimenopause

stage moving towards menopause

When does menopause occur?

12 months after last period

Amenorrhea

absense of the menstrual cycle

Primary amenorrhea

not gotten period but puberty has started

Secondary amenorrhea

absense of menstrual cycle because of health/illness issues

What is the main cause of secondary amenorrhea?

Pregnancy

Dysmenorrhea

painful period (before or after)

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or Endometriosis

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

severe form of PMS that involves intense mood changes, anxiety, and physical symptoms

Oligomenorrhea

irregular blood flow

Hypomenorrhea

light periods

Menorrhagia/Hypermenorrhea

heavy periods

Metrorrhagia

bleeding at irregular times between periods

Endometriosis

tissue grows outside of the uterus causing severe cramps and painful intercourse

Chlamydia

Most common STI in US women

Gonorrhea

Oldest communicable disease, aerobic

Syphilis

can transport from mother to baby

What does HPV look like and who is it most common in?

Genital warts, most common in pregnant women

HSV-1

Transmitted nonsexually

HSV-2

Transmitted sexually

Hepatitis B Virus

Most threatening to baby

Hepatitis C Virus

Most common bloodborne infection

What phase does PMS start in?

Luteal phase

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

helpful in identifying pregnancy because levels rise when pregnant

Coitus interruptus

withdrawal method

Natrual family planning

periodic abstinence

Fertile phase

5-7 days around the middle of the cycle

Noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT/NIPS)

blood test that screens for chromosome abnormalities

Where does fertilization take place?

Ampulla(outer third) of the uterine tube

Placenta

supplys fetus with oxygen and nutrients and takes away waste and CO2

What does amniotic fluid do?

maintains fetal temperature, provides oral fluid, and maintains fluid and electrolyte balance

Braxton Hicks contractions

not real contractions, occur after the first trimester intermittently

What are the 3 shunts?

Ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

A blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs

Ductus venosus

Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Foramen ovale

hole between the right and left atrium, lets oxygenated blood flow to the left side of the heart

Pulmonary Surfactants

used to determine fetal lung maturity and ability of lungs to funciton after birth

Meconium

fetal waste after birth, looks like tar

Monozygotic Twins

from one egg that splits into two

Dizygotic Twins

two eggs, each baby has their own things

Hegar Sign

softening of the uterus, sign of pregnancy

Ballottement

gently tapping the cervix, causing the floating fetus to move up and bounce back down

Quickening

first time feeling fetus move

Goodell Sign

softening of the cervix, possible sign of pregnancy

Chadwick Sign

vagina turns blue/purple, possible sign of pregnancy

Leukorrhea

normal vaginal discharge

Linea nigra

pigmented line down the stomach

Pre term

pregnancy reached 20 weeks but ends before 37 weeks

Late preterm

34 weeks -36 weeks & 6 days

Early term

37 weeks - 38weeks and 6 days

Full term

39 weeks - 40 weeks and 6 days

Late term

41 weeks - 41 weeks and 6 days

Postterm

42 weeks and past

Viability

ability to live outside of uterus

Glucose tolerance test

checks for gestational diabetes

done at 24-48 weeks

Math for estimated due date

Subtract 3 from month, add 7 on day, add 1 year

At what weeks is a fetal ultrasound done?

18-22 wees

Folic Acid/ Folate

Prevents neural tube defects, important to take in the periconceptual period

What does hemoglobin and hematocrit detect?

Anemia

Polyhydramnios

increase in amniotic fluid, associated with mortality

Oligohydramnios

decreased amniotic fluid

When would amniocentesis be used?

If mom is of older age, has sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, prior child with birth defect or chromosomal abnormality

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

Removes small part of placenta and checks for chromosomal/genetic abnormalities

Done in 1st trimester

Percutaneous Umbilical Sampling

Samples blood from umbilical cord, Usually 2-3 trimester

What are signs of respiratory distress in newborns?

Nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, grunting

What position makes hip dysplasia more common?

Breech position

Rooting reflex

Infant turns head to side that face is being stroked

Sucking reflex

Baby beings to suck object that is placed in their mouth

Vernix

thick white coating, leave on for 24 hours

What does high bilirubin cause?

Jaundice

What can ABO incompatibility cause?

Newborn jaundice

ABO incompatability

Type O mom, Type A or B baby

Rh incompatibility

Rh negative mom and Rh postive baby

Congenital dermal melatonocytosis

flat, blue/black birthmarks, common on baby’s back or butt

Erythema toxicum rash

harmless, red bumps

Molding

Skull bones overlap

Caput

soft swelling of scalp, crosses suture lines

Cephalohematoma

Blood under scalp, doesnt cross suture lines

Anterior Fontanelle

“Soft spot”

Largest, diamond shape

Closes in 12-18 months

Posterior Fontanelle

Smaller

Triangle shaped

Closes in 2-3 months

Ankyloglossia

“tounge tie”, allows baby to latch on breast easier