RANDOMS VOCAB (READ)

navigable

- able to be travelled through or used safely - có thể đi lại/lưu thông được

- syn: passable, accessible, traversable

- col: navigable river/waterway/channel; remain navigable

- rel: navigate; navigation; navigational

- Ex: The river is deep enough to be navigable by large boats.

- Ex: The canal was widened to make it more easily navigable.

bend

• to curve or make something curve • uốn cong, làm cong

• to move your body forward or downwards • cúi, gập người

• a curved part of something, especially a road or river

• chỗ cong, khúc cua • syn: curve, bow, flex

• col: bend a wire/knee/arm; bend down/over; bend around a corner; a sharp/gentle bend

• rel: bend over; bend down; bend around; bend towards

• id: around the bend = crazy or behaving strangely

• Ex: The road bends sharply to the left after the bridge.

• Ex: She bent down to pick up her bag.

copper

đồng

mine

- mỏ (kiểu để khai thác)

- id: a gold mine of sth = a person/place/source providing a lot of valuable information or money

Ex: The internet is a gold mine of information for students doing research.

Ex: I finally found that books are a gold mine of knowledge for me to broaden my horizons.

smelt

- nung

Ex: copper smelter - máy nung đồng

- refine, extract

- cá trứng

installation

• the process of putting equipment or a system in place so that it can be used

• sự lắp đặt

• equipment or a system that has been installed

• thiết bị/hệ thống được lắp đặt

• a large piece of equipment or a place used for a particular purpose, especially by the military

• cơ sở/công trình, đặc biệt là cơ sở quân sự • syn: fitting, setup, implementation

• col: installation process/cost; electrical installation; software installation; military installation

• rel: install; installer; installed; installation fee

• Ex: The installation of the new heating system took two days.

• Ex: The military base is one of the largest installations in the region.

undergrowth

• plants, bushes, and small trees growing under or among larger trees

• cây bụi, cây cỏ mọc dưới tán cây

• dense vegetation growing close to the ground

• thảm thực vật thấp, rậm rạp

• syn: underbrush, shrubbery, vegetation

• col: dense/thick undergrowth; forest undergrowth; dense undergrowth; cut through the undergrowth

• rel: underbrush; forest floor; dense vegetation

• Ex: We struggled to walk through the dense undergrowth.

• Ex: Small animals often hide in the undergrowth.

brochure

• a small booklet or folded leaflet containing information about something

• tờ giới thiệu, tập tài liệu quảng cáo

• syn: leaflet, pamphlet, booklet, flyer

• col: tourist/travel brochure; information brochure; promotional brochure; glossy brochure

• rel: promotional material; information leaflet; brochure holder

• Ex: I picked up a brochure about the local attractions.

• Ex: The university sent me a brochure outlining its courses.

refrerence

• a source of information that you use to find facts

• tài liệu/nguồn tham khảo • a mention of someone or something

• sự đề cập, nhắc đến

• a person who can provide information about your character or abilities

• người giới thiệu/người cung cấp thông tin tham khảo

• a number, name, or other piece of information used to identify something

• thông tin/mã dùng để nhận diện hoặc tra cứu

• syn: source, citation, mention, recommendation

• col: reference book/source/material; make reference to sth; with reference to sth; reference number

• rel: refer to; for future reference; in reference to; reference point

• idiom: for future reference = so that you can use the information later

• Ex: The article provides several references to previous studies.

• Ex: Please keep this document for future reference.

work placement

• a period spent working in an organization to gain practical experience

• kỳ thực tập/trải nghiệm làm việc thực tế

• syn: internship, work experience, placement

• col: work placement opportunity/programme; do/complete a work placement; six-month work placement

• rel: work experience; placement student; internship; workplace

• Ex: The university offers students a six-month work placement.

• Ex: I gained valuable practical experience during my work placement.

durable

• able to last for a long time without becoming damaged

• bền, lâu hỏng

• able to withstand difficult conditions or heavy use

• có độ bền cao, chịu được điều kiện khắc nghiệt

• syn: long-lasting, hard-wearing, sturdy, robust

• col: durable material/product; highly durable; durable enough to withstand sth

• rel: durability; durable goods; long-lasting; wear and tear

• Ex: This material is lightweight but extremely durable.

• Ex: Consumers are increasingly looking for durable products.

inevitable

• certain to happen and impossible to avoid

• không thể tránh khỏi, tất yếu

• certain to happen as a natural result of a situation

• tất yếu xảy ra do kết quả tự nhiên của một tình huống

• syn: unavoidable, inescapable, certain

col: inevitable consequence/outcome/result; inevitable change; inevitable decline

• rel: inevitability; inevitably

• Ex: Some degree of stress is inevitable during exam season.

• Ex: Technological change will inevitably affect the job market.

queue

- a line of people or vehicles

- • idiom: jump the queue = unfairly move to the front of a queue

Ex: It's rude to jump the queue when everyone else has been waiting patiently.

gaze

• to look steadily at someone or something for a long time

• nhìn chăm chú, nhìn đăm đăm

• a long, steady look

• ánh nhìn chăm chú

• syn: stare, peer, contemplate

• col: gaze at/into sth; steady gaze; blank gaze; gaze out of a window

• rel: gaze upon; catch sb's gaze; gaze into the distance

• idiom: gaze into space = look into the distance without focusing on anything

• Ex: She gazed out of the window and watched the sunset.

• Ex: He stood there, gazing at the painting.

divert

• to change the direction of something • chuyển hướng

• to cause someone to focus their attention somewhere else

• làm chuyển hướng sự chú ý, làm xao nhãng

• to use money, resources, or time for a different purpose

• chuyển nguồn tiền/tài nguyên/thời gian sang mục đích khác

• syn: redirect, reroute, distract, deflect

• col: divert traffic; divert attention; divert funds/resources; divert from sth

• rel: diversion; divert attention from sth; diverted traffic

• Ex: Police diverted traffic away from the damaged bridge.

• Ex: The government diverted funds towards healthcare.

corridor

hallway, passageway

human-wildlife conflict

any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impacts on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment

terminal

• a building or station where a journey begins or ends

• nhà ga/bến xe/bến cuối

• an electronic device used for entering or receiving information from a computer system

• thiết bị đầu cuối

• relating to an illness that will eventually cause death

• ở giai đoạn cuối, không thể chữa khỏi • the end point of something

• điểm cuối

• syn: station, depot, terminus

• col: airport/bus/train terminal; terminal building; passenger terminal; computer terminal; terminal illness

• rel: terminally; terminus; terminal station

• Ex: We arrived at the airport terminal two hours before our flight.

• Ex: He was diagnosed with a terminal illness.

integrate

• to combine two or more things so that they form a whole (tích hợp, kết hợp)

• to become part of a group or society

• to combine a new idea or system with an existing one

• syn: combine, incorporate, merge, assimilate

• col: integrate technology; integrate into sth (dùng được cho 3 context kể trên); fully integrate

• rel: integration; integrated; well-integrated; social integration

• Ex: Schools should integrate technology into the learning process.

• Ex: It took her several months to integrate into her new community.

Ex: The new curriculum is well-integrated.

Ex: It is understandable that an international student will not integrate into a different culture easily.

look out onto

• to have a view of a particular place from a window or building

• nhìn ra, hướng ra

• syn: overlook, face

• col: look out onto the sea/garden/street; room looking out onto sth

• rel: overlook + place (nhìn ra hướng nào đó); have a view of sth; look out over

• Ex: My bedroom window looks out onto a small garden.

• Ex: The hotel room looks out onto the beach.

justify

• to give a good reason for something you have done or something you believe - biện minh.

• to show that something is reasonable, necessary, or deserved - chứng minh cgi hợp lý/chính đáng

• to make sth seems reasonable even it might be criticrized - cminh ngay cả khi điều gì đó gây chỉ trích.

• syn: defend, explain, rationalize, validate, substantiate

• col: justify a decision/action/choice; justify doing sth; justify the cost/expense; fully justify

• rel: justification; justified; unjustified; justifiable

• rel: justify oneself = đưa ra lý do để biện minh/bảo vệ hành động của mình

• rel: be justified in doing sth = có lý do chính đáng để làm gì

• idiom: the ends justify the means = kết quả cuối cùng có thể biện minh cho những phương tiện được sử dụng để đạt được nó

• Ex: The government must justify its decision to increase taxes.

• Ex: There is no justification for treating people unfairly.

Ex: I told her that cheating is unfair to her opponents but she said "the ends justify the means".

commission

• to officially ask someone to produce a piece of work

• đặt làm, ủy thác

• a payment given to someone for selling something or providing a service

• tiền hoa hồng

• an official group formed to investigate or deal with a particular issue

• ủy ban, hội đồng

• to formally give someone a rank or position • phong chức/cấp quân hàm

• syn: order, appoint, authorize, fee

• col: commission a study/report; earn/pay commission; sales commission; receive a commission

• rel: commissioned; commission-based; on commission; commission a work

• Ex: The museum commissioned an artist to create a new sculpture.

• Ex: Sales staff receive a small commission for every product they sell.

apprehensive

• worried or nervous about something that may happen

• lo lắng, e ngại, bất an

• syn: anxious, worried, uneasy, concerned

• col: feel/be apprehensive about sth; apprehensive about the future

• rel: apprehension; with apprehension

• Ex: I felt apprehensive about starting at a new school.

• Ex: She approached the interview with some apprehension.

abundance

• a large quantity or more than enough of something

• sự dồi dào, phong phú

• a situation in which there is more than enough of something

• tình trạng dư dả, phong phú

• syn: plenty, wealth, profusion

• col: an abundance of sth; in abundance; abundant resources; natural abundance

• rel: abundant; abundantly

• idiom: in abundance = existing in very large quantities

• Ex: The region has an abundance of natural resources.

• Ex: Fresh fruit is available in abundance during the summer.

insist on

• to demand something firmly • khăng khăng yêu cầu, nhất quyết

• to say firmly that something is true, especially when others disagree

• khẳng định chắc chắn, khăng khăng cho rằng

• syn: demand, maintain, persist in

• col: insist on doing sth; insist on sth; insist that...; insist upon

• rel: insistence; insistent; insist that sb do sth • Ex: She insisted on paying for the meal herself.

• Ex: He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.

substance

• a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas • chất, vật chất

• the most important or essential part of something

• nội dung/bản chất cốt lõi

• the quality of being important, serious, or meaningful

• tính thực chất, chiều sâu

• illegal drugs, especially in the phrase "controlled substance"

• chất ma túy/chất bị kiểm soát

• syn: material, matter, essence, content

• col: chemical/toxic/harmful substance; substance abuse; lack of substance; substantial evidence

• rel: substantial; substantially; in substance; substance abuse

• idiom: matter of substance = something important or meaningful

• Ex: The substance is highly toxic if inhaled.

• Ex: His argument sounds impressive but lacks substance.

trace

• a very small amount of something • một lượng rất nhỏ

• a mark or sign showing that someone or something existed or was present

• dấu vết

• to find or discover the origin, source, or development of something

• truy tìm, lần theo nguồn gốc

• to follow the course or path of something

• lần theo đường đi

• syn: track, trail, indication, detect

• col: trace amount; trace evidence; trace the source/origin; leave a trace

• rel: trace back to; trace sth to sth; traceable; trace element

• idiom: leave no trace = leave no evidence or sign of having been somewhere

• Ex: Scientists found traces of chemicals in the water.

• Ex: The problem can be traced back to a lack of funding.

workhorse

• a person or machine that does a lot of hard and reliable work

• người/máy móc làm việc chăm chỉ, bền bỉ và đáng tin cậy

• something that is reliable and regularly used to perform an important task

• thứ/thiết bị đáng tin cậy được sử dụng thường xuyên

• syn: reliable worker, stalwart

• col: reliable workhorse; the workhorse of an industry/system; workhorse machine

• rel: workhorse product; workhorse technology

• Ex: This laptop is the workhorse of my office.

• Ex: The aircraft has become a workhorse for the airline.

allowance

• an amount of money regularly given to someone, especially a child

• tiền tiêu vặt, tiền trợ cấp định kỳ

• an amount of something that is officially allowed

• mức/lượng được phép

• an amount deducted from a price, income, or tax

• khoản miễn giảm/khấu trừ

• syn: pocket money, spending money, allocation, quota

• col: weekly/monthly allowance; travel allowance; tax allowance; baggage allowance

• rel: allowable; allow for; make allowance for sth

• idiom: make allowances for sb/sth = consider someone's situation and make adjustments for it

• Ex: My parents gave me a weekly allowance when I was at school.

• Ex: You should make allowances for the fact that English is not her first language.

troop

• a group of soldiers

• đội/quân lính

• soldiers in general, especially when referring to a large number

• binh lính, quân đội

• a group of people or animals, especially a group of monkeys

• một nhóm người/đàn động vật

• syn: soldiers, forces, contingent, group

• col: army troops; troop deployment; troops stationed; troop withdrawal; a troop of monkeys

• rel: troops; troop movement; troop withdrawal; troop deployment

• Ex: Thousands of troops were sent to the region.

• Ex: We saw a troop of monkeys in the forest.

literal

• having the exact basic meaning of a word or phrase, rather than a figurative meaning

• theo nghĩa đen

• involving a translation that follows the exact words of the original

• dịch sát từng từ

• used to emphasize that something is exactly true

• đúng theo nghĩa thực tế, hoàn toàn đúng

• syn: exact, word-for-word, factual

• col: literal meaning; literal translation; literal interpretation; literal sense

• rel: literally; figurative; figuratively; metaphorical

• idiom: take sth literally = understand someone's words in their exact sense

• Ex: The literal meaning of the phrase is quite different from its intended meaning.

• Ex: Don't take his comments literally; he was joking.

institution

• an organization established for a particular purpose, especially education, finance, or public service

• tổ chức, cơ quan, cơ sở

• a large and important organization

• tổ chức lớn/có vai trò quan trọng

• a custom or system that has existed for a long time

• thể chế, tập tục, hệ thống tồn tại lâu đời

• a person or thing that has become an established and familiar part of a place or activity

• người/thứ đã trở thành một phần quen thuộc và có vị thế trong một nơi/lĩnh vực

• syn: organization, establishment, body, institute

• col: educational institution; financial institution; public institution; social institution; institution of higher education

• rel: institutional; institutionally; institutionalize; institution-building

• Ex: Universities are important educational institutions.

• Ex: The monarchy is a long-established institution in the country.

deficiency

• a lack of something necessary or important • sự thiếu hụt, thiếu thốn

• a weakness or imperfection in something

• sự khiếm khuyết, thiếu sót

• syn: shortage, lack, insufficiency, inadequacy, deficit

• col: vitamin deficiency; iron deficiency; nutritional deficiency; deficiency in sth; deficiency of sth

• rel: deficient in sth; nutrient deficiency; deficiency disease

• Ex: Iron deficiency can lead to serious health problems.

• Ex: The report identified a deficiency in the country's healthcare system.

acidity

the strength of an acid

domestic

• relating to the home or family

• thuộc gia đình, trong nhà

• relating to a country's own affairs rather than foreign affairs

• thuộc trong nước, nội địa

• produced or sold within one's own country • được sản xuất/bán trong nước

• relating to animals kept by people rather than wild animals

• được thuần hóa, nuôi trong nhà

• a person who works in someone's home, especially in the past

• người giúp việc gia đình (cách dùng danh từ, thường cần ngữ cảnh)

• syn: household, internal, national, local

• col: domestic chores; domestic life; domestic violence; domestic market; domestic flight; domestic animals

• rel: domestically; domesticity; domestic worker

• Ex: She spends several hours a week doing domestic chores.

• Ex: The company is trying to expand its presence in the domestic market.

literacy

• the ability to read and write

• khả năng đọc viết

• knowledge or competence in a particular subject or area

• hiểu biết/thành thạo trong một lĩnh vực

• the level of reading and writing ability in a population

• trình độ biết đọc biết viết của một cộng đồng/dân số

• syn: reading ability, proficiency, competence

• col: basic literacy skills; adult literacy; literacy rate; literacy programme; digital/media/financial literacy

• rel: literate; illiterate; illiteracy; functional literacy

• Ex: The programme aims to improve literacy among children in rural areas.

• Ex: Digital literacy is becoming increasingly important in the modern workplace.

scarcely

• almost not; hardly → I could scarcely hear her.

• hầu như không; hiếm khi

• syn: hardly, barely → hầu như không
  She could barely walk.

• col: scarcely any → hầu như không có
  There was scarcely any food left.

• id: scarcely ever → hầu như không bao giờ
  I scarcely ever watch TV.

deceptive

• likely to make sb believe sth that is not true

• gây hiểu lầm; lừa dối; đánh lừa

• syn: misleading → gây hiểu lầm; dishonest → không trung thực
  —> The information was misleading.

• col:
  deceptive advertising → quảng cáo gây hiểu lầm → The company was accused of deceptive advertising.
  deceptive appearance → vẻ ngoài dễ gây hiểu lầm → The product's simple appearance can be deceptive.
  deceptive impression → ấn tượng sai lệch → The photo gives a deceptive impression of the place.

emerge

• appear, become known or visible
  —> EX: New problem may emerge over time.

• xuất hiện, nổi lên, trở nên rõ ràng

• syn: arise - nảy sinh
  —> Several problems arose during the project.

• col:
  emerge as - nổi lên như là
  —> EX: She emerged as a strong leader
  —> EX: New prolems emerge as technology develops.
  emerge from - xuất hiện từ đâu —→ EX: The truth emerged from the investigation.

devise

• invent, to plant a new way of doing sth
  —> The devised a new method to solve

• syn: formulate, develop

• col:
  devise a plan / method / strategy
  EX: We need to devise an effective strategy.
  EX: Governments should devise new policies to reduce pollution.

plateau

• a large, flat area of high land
  EX: The city lies on a high plateau.

• syn: upland - vùng đất cao
  EX: The village is located in an upland area.

• dùng cho wri:
  plateau (n) → giai đoạn / sự ổn định sau khi tăng hoặc giảm (na ná remain stable)
  EX: The figure rose rapidly before reaching a plateau at around 8%.
  plateau (v) → chững lại
  EX: The number of visitors plateaued at approximately 50,000.

buried

• chôn, bị chôn vùi

• syn: interred → được chôn cất, covered → được phủ kín
  EX: The first king was interred in a royal tomb.
  EX: Many historical sites remain buried beneath layers of soil.

• id: bury your head in the sand → cố tình phớt lờ vấn đề.
  EX: You can’t bury your head in the sand forever.

put forward

• suggest an idea, plan or explanation
  EX: She put forward a possible explanation.

• syn: propose
  EX: He proposed a new solution.

• col: put forward an ideo / theory / proposal → đưa ra ý tưởng/lý tưởng/đề xuất
  EX; Scienctists have put forward several theories.

lofty

• very high, amibitous or even noble

EX: Youngsters often harbour lofty dreams.

• col:
  lofty ideas → lý tưởng lớn lao
  EX: He has lofty ambitions to be come a successful entrepeneur (doanh nhân).
  lofty ambitions → tham vọng cao cả
  EX: The institution was founded on lofty ideas.
  lofty goals → mục tiêu lớn lao

shrink

• becoming smaller
  EX: The shrinking population in developing countries are serious concerns.

• syn: decreasing, declining
  EX; The country’s population is declining.

• col: shrinking population / market / workforce → dân số / thị trường / lực lượng lao động thu hẹp
  EX: A shrinking workforce may affect economic growth.

• shrank (dạng quá khứ đơn)
  EX: The population shrank considerably between 2000 and 2020.

contend

• argue or claim that sth is true
  EX: Some researchers contend that the theory lacks substance.

• syn: argue, claim, maintain, assert
  EX: Critics maintain that the policy is ineffective.

stroke

• nét vẽ / đột quỵ

• id: a stroke of luck - một phen may mắn
  EX: Winning the scholarship was a stroke of luck.

rivalled

• good, successful, or impressive as sth/sb.
  EX: The temple rivalled the greatest monuments of its time.

• ngang tầm, sánh ngang.

• syn: matched, compared with/to

• col: rival in size / importance / beauty
  EX; The monument rivalled others in grandeur.
  EX; The city’s population rivalled that of the country’s largest urban centre.

beneath

• under, lower than sth - bên dưới, dưới
  EX: The remains were found beneath the floor.

bewildering

• very confusing; difficult to understand

• gây bối rối; khó hiểu; làm choáng ngợp

• syn: confusing , perplexing → khó hiểu / rối rắm
  EX: The instructions were confusing.

• col: bewildering array / range → một loạt vô cùng nhiều + khó hiểu
  EX: There is a bewildering array of choices.

signify

• mean, show that sth exists or is important

• có nghĩa là; biểu thị; cho thấy
  EX: The discovery may signify a major change.

• syn: indicate , represent
  EX: The results indicate a significant change.

• col: signify a change / shift / turning point → báo hiệu một sự thay đổi / chuyển biến / bước ngoặt.
  EX: The discovery signified a major shift in thinking.

chamber

• a large room, especially in a formal or historical building
  EX: The king was buried in a stone chamber.

• căn phòng; gian phòng, đặc biệt trong công trình cổ

• syn: room; vault: hầm, phòng kín.

• id: chamber of commerce → phòng thương mại
  EX: She joined the local chamber of commerce.

lavish sth on sth / sb

• give a lot of sth, especially money, praise or attention
  EX: The king lavished wealth on the temple.

• dành rất nhiều tiền, lời khen, sự chú ý cho cgi

• syn: shower - dành/ban nhiều; bestow - trao tặng
  EX; She showered praise on the team, (praise - lời khen)

• col: lavish money / praise / attention on sth
  EX: The government lavished money on the project.

• id: shower sb with praise - dành cho ai rất nhiều lời khen
  EX: The critics showered her with praise.

burial ground

nghĩa trang

scatter

• spread over a wide area; not close together
  EX: The ruins are scattered across the desert.

• rải rác, phân tán

• syn: dispersed → phân tán; spread out → trải/rải ra
  EX: The population is dispersed across the region.

• col: scattered across / around → rải rác khắp
  EX: Small villages are scattered across the mountains.

• dùng chi wri task 1
  EX: The map shows scattered residential areas across the northern region.

overstatement

• sự nói quá, phóng đại
  EX; Calling it a revolution may be an overstatement.

• syn: exaggeration → sự phóng đại; embellishment → sự tô vẽ
  EX: That claim is an exaggeration.

• id: no overstatement
  EX: It is no overstatement to say that the discovery changed our history.

rethink

• think ab sth again and consider changing it
  EX: The government needs to rethink its policy.

• suy nghĩ lại

• syn: reconsider → cân nhắc lại, revise → điều chỉnh
  EX: The company reconsidered its strategy.
  EX: We need to rethink our approach to education.

deceptive

• likely to make sb believe sth th is not true

• gây hiểu lầm, lừa dối, đánh lừa
  EX: The advertisement was deceptive and gave customers false information.

• syn: misleading ; dishonest