MMSC 1-6 exam non chabaner terms in progress

what are the body cavities and the organs within each cavities?

Cranial cavity

• brain, pituitary gland

Thoracic cavity

• lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

Abdominal cavity

• stomach, large and small intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder

Pelvic cavity

• portions of small and large intestines, bladder, rec tum, urethra, ureters and vag ina (in females)

Spinal

• nerves of spinal cord

cranial cavity

thoracic cavity (pleural cavity)

thoracic cavity (mediastinum)

abdominal pelvic cavity

abdominal cavity vs peritoneal cavity

• The abdominal cavity is the entire physical region bound by your diaphragm, abdominal muscles, and backbone. The peritoneal cavity is a narrow, enclosed space inside that region formed by the Peritoneum membrane

• The peritoneal cavity itself contains no organs; it is only a slick layer of lubricating fluid separating the inner and outer layers of the membrane

peritoneum

smooth membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities and wraps around the internal organs. Split into 2 parts

parietal peritoneum

• he outer layer that lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and the underside of the diaphragm

visceral peritoneum

• The inner layer that folds inward to wrap directly around and cover the abdominal organs

peritoneal cavity

space between the parietal and visceral layers that contain no organs, but rather lubricating fluid to let organs move without fricton

regions in the abdominolpelvic cavity

spinal cavity

types of tissue and differences

muscle tissue

• nucleus and muscle fibers

nervous tissue

• lots of neurons

epithelial tissue

• covers whole outer surface of body/linings of internal organs

• made up of close packed cells in one or more layers

connective tissue

• loose connective tissue (areolar) and dense connective tissue (regular)

types of cells and their descriptions (be able to identify based off an image)

Muscle cells

• long fiber like shaped (contract to generate force and create movement)

Nerve cells

• neurons (central cell body with axon and dendrites)

• transmit signals/communication

Epithelial cells

• closely packed in shapes arranged in layers

• forms protective layers that cover outer body surfaces and line internal organs cavities and ducts

Fat cells

• central fat droplet and nucleus on edge

• stores energy as fat (insulates)

directional terms and their meanings (posterior, dorsal, anterior, ventral, deep, superifical, proximal, distal, caudad/caudal, inferior, cephalad/cephalic, superior, lateral, medial, unilateral, bilateral, anteroposterior, and posteroanterior)

• posterior/dorsal: toward back of body

• anterior/ventral: toward front of body

• superior/cephalic/cephalad: toward head or upper part of body

• inferior/caudad/caudal: toward feet or lower part of body

• medial: toward middle of body

• lateral: away from middle of the body

• unilateral: occurring only on one side of the body

• bilateral: occurring on both sides of the body

• proximal: closer to the point of attachment

• distal: farther away form the point of attachment

• superficial: close to surface of body

• deep: farther away from surface of the body

• anteroposteroir: oriented from the front to back

• posteroanterior: oriented from the back to the front

anatomic planes of the body

sternum

breast bone/long flat bone in middle of ribs. Protects heart and lungs

4 main functions of digestive/gastrointestinal system

• ingestion

• digestion

• absorption

• elimination

ingestion

• physical take of putting food into the body

• happens in mouth

digestion

• food is broken down mechanically AND chemically as it travels through the digestive tract (mostly mouth, stomach, and large intestine)

• enzymes aid breakdown of complex nutrients

  • proteins —> amino acids

  • sugars —> glucose

  • fats —> fatty acids and triglycerides

absorption

• digested food passes into the bloodstream through lining in the small intestine

• the nutrients travel to all cells of the body

• cells use the nutrients and burn them to release the energy

elimination

• in the form of fec es

• eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream

• happens in large intestine and the fe ces go out through the anus

6 step process of digestive system

1) intake of food and liquids

2) mixing masticating (chewing) and lubrication of food with bodily secretions to form bolus (soft mass)

3) mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of cabs, fats, and proteins

4) absorption of nutrients and water

5) production of nutrients (ex: vitiam K and biotin) by symbiotic bacteria in intestines

6) excretion of waste products vis rec tum and an us

oral cavity

anatomy of a tooth in the oral cavity

aphthous stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth with ulcers

herpetic stomatitis

inflammation of mouth by infection of herpes (cold sores)

oral leukoplakia

white plaques or patches in mouth due to tobacco use

3 salivary glands

peristalsis

movement of food down the throat (deglutition is swallowing)

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing or eating

esophagust/stomach parts

gall bladder, liver, pancreas

roles of liver

maintenance of metabolic homeostasis

process nutrients and vitamins

detoxifies the blood

production of bile

stomach

liver

large intestine/roles

absorb water and solutes

concnetrates and forms stool