Chapter 1 Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics Full and Essentials Editions Ninth Edition by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright

Politics

Who gets what, when, and how; a process of determining how power and resources are distributed in a society without recourse to violence

Power

The ability to get other people to do what you want

Media

The channels—including television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet—through which information is sent and received

Social Order

The way we organize and live our collective lives

Government

A system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people

Authority

Power that is recognized as legitimate, or right

Legitimate

Accepted as "right" or proper

Rules

Directives that specify how resources will be distributed or what procedures govern collective activity

Norms

Informal, unwritten expectations that guide behavior and support formal rule systems; often most noticeable when broken

Institutions

Organizations in which government power is exercised

Political Narrative

A persuasive story about the nature of power, who should have it, and how it should be used

Gatekeepers

Journalists and the media elite who determine which news stories are covered and which are not

Economics

Production and distribution of a society's material resources and services

Capitalist Economy

An economic system in which the market determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is privately owned

Laissez-Faire Capitalism

An economic system in which the market makes all decisions and the government plays no role

Regulated Capitalism

A market system in which the government intervenes to protect rights and make procedural guarantees

Procedural Guarantees

Government assurance that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promise of particular outcomes

Socialist Economy

An economic system in which the state determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is government owned

Substantive Guarantees

Government assurance of particular outcomes or results

Social Democracy

A hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality

Authoritarian Governments

Systems in which the state holds all power over the social order

Totalitarian

A system in which absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life

Authoritarian Capitalism

A system in which the state allows people economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior

Anarchy

The absence of government and law

Democracy

Government that vests power in the people

Popular Sovereignty

The concept that the citizens are the ultimate source of political power

Advanced Industrial Democracy

A system in which a democratic government allows citizens a considerable amount of personal freedom and maintains a free-market (though still usually regulated) economy

Communist Democracy

A utopian system in which property is communally owned and all decisions are made democratically

Populism

Social movements based on the idea that power has been concentrated illegitimately among elites at the people's expense

Subjects

Individuals who are obliged to submit to a government authority against which they have no rights

Citizens

Members of a political community with both rights and responsibilities

Divine Right of Kings

The principle that earthly rulers receive their authority from God

Classical Liberalism

A political ideology dating from the seventeenth century emphasizing individual rights over the power of the state

Social Contract

The notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others

Republic

A government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people

Digital Native

An individual born after the advent of digital technology who is proficient in and dependent on its use

Mediated Citizens

Those for whom most personal and commercial relationships; access to information about the world and recreational or professional activities; and communication with others passes through third-party channels, which may or may not modify or censor that information

Public-Interested Citizenship

A view of citizenship focused on action to realize the common good

Self-Interested Citizenship

A view of citizenship focused on action to realize an individual citizen's interests

Hashtag Activism

A form of political engagement that occurs by organizing individuals online around a particular issue

Information Bubble

A closed cycle, sometimes self-created, in which all the information we get reinforces the information we already have, solidifying our beliefs without reference to outside reality checks