Cellular Foundations
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33 Terms
What are the 3 aspects of cell theory?
The cell is the basic unit of life
all living organisms are composed of cells
Cells come from pre-existing cells
What are some characteristics used to describe life?
Self replication
Chemical complexity
Organization
Use of energy
Responds to environment
Internal regulation
Evolutionary change
What is the one physical thing that only living organisms have?
Cells
Why does the cell need energy?
To maintain internal organization AKA any life sustaining reactions
What would you find in all cells?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
DNA
What is the plasma membrane AKA?
Cell membrane
What is the plasma membrane?
The structure that surrounds all cells (has same basic structure and function no matter the cell)
What is the cytoplasm?
The fluid portion of the cell
What makes up 70% of the cell?
Water
What are ribosomes?
Organelles necessary for protein synthesis
What are proteins?
Organic molecules used for structure, regulation, protection, and enzymes
What is something to remember about ribosomes?
They are not membrane bound but the mechanism is the same in all cells
What is DNA?
The genetic material all cells have
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
What is something to remember about single celled organisms?
They can do everything a multicellular organism can do
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell that has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
Bacteria
What is an example of a eukaryotic cell?
Plants, animals, fungi
The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is described as:
a structural difference
What is a differentiating factor between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have cell wall, chloroplast, and large storage vacuoles while animal cells do not
What do plant and animal cells have in common?
They both are membrane bound organelles
What is the difference between chloroplast and chlorophyll?
Chloroplast is the organelle that contains chlorophyll
What is chlorophyll?
The photosynthetic pigment inside a cell
What does a photosynthetic prokaryotic cell have?
Chlorophyll without a chloroplast
What does it mean to classify by nutritional characteristics?
Based on where an organism gets its energy and its carbon
What is the importance of carbon?
Life is organic and thus based on carbon
What is a phototroph?
A photosynthetic organism that gets energy from sun
What is a chemotroph?
A organism that gets energy from breaking down organic molecules
What are the two energy nutrition categories?
Phototroph and chemotroph
What are the two carbon energy categories?
Autotrophs and heterotrophs
What is an autotroph?
A photosynthetic organism that gets carbon from carbon dioxide
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that gets carbon from breaking down organic molecules
What is the levels of organization?
Atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells