SSUSH1 – Compare and Contrast the development of English settlement and colonization during the 17th century.

c. Explain the development of the New England Colonies, including but not limited to reasons established, impact of location and place, relations with American Indians, and economic development.

Which colonies made up New England?

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.

Why were the New England Colonies initially established?

Primarily as religious settlements for groups facing persecution in England.

Who were the Puritans, and what did they want?

Religious dissenters who wanted to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic rituals and traditions.

Why was farming difficult in New England?

Poor, thin, rocky soil and a short growing season.

What industries developed because of New England's geography?

Shipbuilding, fishing, whaling, and maritime trade.

Why did Boston become an important economic center?

Its harbor supported commercial trade and shipping.

How did New England contribute to trans-Atlantic trade?

New England merchants traded goods, and their ships carried colonial products.

Were Puritans religiously tolerant?

No. Although they sought religious freedom, they often persecuted people who disagreed with their beliefs.

How did Puritans initially interact with American Indians?

Through trade and diplomacy, while relying on Indigenous help for survival.

How did relations between Puritans and American Indians change?

Growing English settlement and land encroachment increased tensions and conflict.

What were two major conflicts between New England colonists and American Indians?

The Pequot War (1636–1638) and King Philip's War (1675–1676).

What were the two types of Puritans?

Separatists (Pilgrims), who wanted a separate church, and non-separatists, who wanted to reform the Anglican Church.

Why did Separatist Puritans leave the Anglican Church?

They wanted a completely separate church free from the king's influence.

Mayflower (1620)

Pilgrims blown off course; founded Plymouth Colony.

Mayflower Compact (1620)

Agreement establishing self-government through majority rule.

John Winthrop

Puritan leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)

Puritan colony founded near present-day Boston.

Salem Witch Trials (1692)

Over 150 accused of witchcraft; 19 executed.

King Philip's War (1675-1676)

War between colonists and Native Americans led by Metacom.

Roger Williams

Founded Rhode Island after banishment from Massachusetts.

Anne Hutchinson

Banished for challenging Puritan leaders.

Thomas Hooker

Founded Connecticut.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)

First written constitution in America.

Pequot War (1637)

Conflict between Connecticut colonists and the Pequot.

New Hampshire (1679)

Separated from Massachusetts and became more religiously diverse.