PRINCIPLES OF BIOETHICS

Autonomy

the word comes from the Greek word autos (self) and nomos (governance).

Autonomy

it is a personal liberty, where the individual is free to choose and implement one. own decisions, free from deceit, duress, constraint, or coercion.

• The ability to decide

• The power to act upon your decisions

• Respect for the individual autonomy of others-

Three Basic Elements Seem to be Involved in the Process:

The ability to decide

for without adequate information, and intellectual competence, autonomy seems hollow

The power to act upon your decisions

it is obvious that those in the death camps of World War Il could have make all the decisions they might have wished but lacked power to implement them

Respect for the individual autonomy of others

it is the provision of a general respect for personal autonomy for both practicioner and patient alike that ennobles and professionalizes the process. The term self-determination is often used synonymously

Paternalism

it is the intentional limitation of the autonomy of one person by another, where the person who limitsautonomy appeals exclusively to grounds of benefit to the other person.

Paternalism

Acting for patients without their consent to secure good or prevent harm.

Nonmaleficence "Do No Harm"

The principle of nonmaleficence imposes the obligationas not to hair someone intentionally or directly.

Nonmaleficence "Do No Harm"

It is not necessarily violated if a proper balance of benefits exists; that is, if the harm is not directly intended but is rather an unfortunate side effect of attempts to mmprove a person's health or, at the very least, to provide relief from the burden of pain.

Nonmaleficence "Do No Harm"

The formal name for the principle governing this category of cases usually called the principle of double effect.

Beneficence "Doing Good"

described as the positive expression of nonmaleficence.

Beneficence "Doing Good"

This principl highlights that we have a positive obligation to advance the healthcare interests and welfare of others. to assist others in their choices to live life to the fullest.

Beneficence "Doing Good"

The risk of harm to oneself represents a legitimate limit to our obligation to be beneficent

Beauchamp and Childress

have described beneficence as a way of ensuring reciprocity in our relationships; ie. we have a responsibility to help others because we have ourselves received benefits.

Justice

described as the allocation of healthcare resources according to a just standard.

• Comparative justice

• Distributive iustice,

There are two basic types of justice.

Comparative justice

involves balancing the competing claims of people for the same health care resources.

Comparative justice

It is only necessary because of the fact that health funding is not unlimited if here was plenty of everything, there would be no need to allocate or prioritize resources. In comparative justice what one receives is determined by one's particular condition and needs

Veracity

means truth telling

Veracity

The practice of health care is best served in a relationship of trust where practitioner and patient are bound to the truth.

Veracity

binds both the health practitioner and the patient in an association of truth. The patient must tell the truth in order that appropriate care can be provided.

Role Fidelity

Principle that requires loyalty, fairess, advocacy, and dedication to our patients

Role Fidelity

involves an agreement to keep our promises, keeping a commitment and Is based upon the virtue of caring.

Role Fidelity

it is faithful practice of the duties contained in the particular practice

Confidentiality

Principle that binds the practitioner to hold in strict confidence those things learned about a patient in the course of medical practice