Theology exam 1

True happiness

Deep, lasting state of inner peace and personal growth, steady through ups and downs.

Human dignity

Belief that every person has an unearned, equal value, and cannot be taken away

Beatitudes (define)

Attitudes and actions that prepare us for Heaven

Free will/freedom

The power, rooted in reason and will that enables a person to perform deliberate actions on one’s own responsibility

License vs. freedom

License is the absence of rules and freedom for excellence is the ability to act rightly

Original Holiness

Closeness with God and the state of living in harmony

Original Solitude

Humans are different from the rest of creation

Original unity

Adam and Eve were a gift to one anotherand together reflected the image of God, symbolizing the perfect relationship between man and woman.

Original nakedness

Adam and Eve could see one another’s full dignity and were free in one another’s presencewithout shame or fear.

Original Sin

The sin of Adam and Eve, and the state in which we all are born

Concupiscence

The tendancy to sin

Recapitulation

by his obedience, Jesus undoes the harm that Adams disobedience caused

Salvation History

The story of how God is reconciling humankind through covenants

Covenant

An agreement by which two parents become familybetween God and His people, establishing a relationship that guides their lives and promises salvation.

Law of the Gift

We are created to make a gift of ourselves

Four traits of the Gift of Self

Our self gift should be free, total, faithful, and fruitful ( free, total, faithful, and fruitful)

What do the Four traits of the Gift of Self mean

Free (uncoerced-done by choice without force, pressure, or threats), total ( complete, not holding anything back), faithful( permanent and exclusive), and fruitful( bringing new life- spiritual or physical).

Holiness

Closeness to God. The state of being like God and in relationship with him

Universal Call to Holiness

The catholic teaching that everyone is called to be holy, it is personal and individual

Consecrated Life

People who live a life set apart for God

Consecrated Virginity

Women living in the world (a woman in the Catholic Church who is permanently set apart to live a life of perpetual virginity as a bride of Christ)

Religious life

Consecrated people who live in community and take vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Hermits

Live separately in a life of prayer and penance

Secular Institutes/Third Orders

Laypeople who live a particular charismand embrace a life of holiness while remaining in the secular world.

Virtue

A habitual and firm disposition to do the goodthat allows a person to act according to reason and faith.

Theological Virtues (list)

Infused by God into our souls ( faith, hope charity)

Faith

belief in God and his revelation

Hope

Trusting in God and desiring Heaven

Charity

Loving God for his own sake and willing the good of other for the others and God’s sake

Cardinal Virtues (list)

Gained by practice and education (prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude)

Prudence

Doing the right thing in the right way

Justice

Giving the other what is their due

Temperence

Moderates the desire for good things

Fortitude

Strength to resist temptation and overcome obstacles. ex. not loose your mind if you see a deer, and run away

Conscience

A judgement of reason by which the person recognizes the moral quality of a specific act, it is not a feeling, it is the result of a psychological conditioning, or gut instinct. It is the awareness of God’s call to know and do the good, practical judgment of the intellect.

Theotokos

Mother of God

Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Mary was conceived without original sin

Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

At the end of her life, Mary was taken up body, and soul, into Heaven

Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Mary remained a virgin for her entire life

Principle of Double Effect

A way of navigating situations in which there will be good and bad consequences. The action itself is morally good or nuetral, and one must intend the good effect and merely tolerate the bad effect, the good effect is not produces by the bad effect

Law

Ordinance of reason for the common good of a society. God's divine commands, moral requirements, and instructions given to humanity to guide behavior and reveal His holy character. “Law is a rule of conduct enacted by competent for the sake of the common good”.

Eternal law

God’s will and wisdom directing his creatures to their end goal

Natural law

Is a person’s participation in the eternal, or divine law, the light of understanding that God places in every human being to discern good from evil, light of understanding God places us in, discoverable by human reason even outside of religion. “Do good and avoid evil”, discoverable by human reason even outside of religion

Revealed law

Old testament law and law of the gospel that fufills it, a moral or religious rule that God communicates directly to humanity through supernatural revelation, rather than through human reason alone

Object

The action itself

Intention/end

The reason for acting

Circumstances

Conditions that have some bearing on an action

What are the 3 sources of morality?

Object, intention, and circumstances

For an act to be good, what three conditions must be met

The object/ action itself must be good, the intention must be good, and the circumstances must be fitting

Protoevangelion

God immediately set into motion the course of events through which he would reconcile us with him, first promise/ good news.

Personal sin

Sins that we choose to commit

Mortal sin

Sin that destroys grace in the soul

Venial sin

Sin that weakens our relationship with God

Social sin

Cooperating in one another’s sins

Mitigating Factors (define and list)

Things which reduce our freedom and thus, our responsibility for an action. Ignorance, inadvertance, duress, fear, habit, and inorinate attachments

what is the first commsandment

1. 
   

you shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve

What is the second commandment

You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain

What is the third commandment

Keep Holy the Lord’s day

What is the fourth commandment

Honor your father and your mother, mutual respect

What is the fifth commandment

You shall not kill (murder)

What is the sixth commandment

You shall not commit adultry

The seventh commandment

You shall not steal, requires respect for the property rights of otheres

The eighth commandment

You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. ex. Lying while under oath in a court of law

The ninth commandment

You shall not covet your neighbors wife

The tenth commandment

Foirbids greed, avarice ( desire for riches and the power that comes from them), and envy( sadness towards another’s good fortune and willingness to take care of it from them").

Does the fifth commandment prohibit all killing?

The fifth commandment prohibits unlawful killing or murder, emphasizing the sanctity of human life and the importance of valuing others' lives. It does not necessarily forbid all forms of killing, such as in just warfare or self-defense.

In the Catholic understanding, is sex morally good or evil?

sex is inherently morally good as a divine creation, provided it takes place within the proper context of a valid sacramental marriage. The sexual act should be free, local, faithful, and fruitful. It should be unitive and procreative

Greed

Indordate desire for material things

Avarice

Desire for riches and the power that comes from them

Envy

Sadness at anothers good fortune and willingness to take it from them

Perjury

Telling an untruth after taking an oath to tell the truth

Detraction

Revealing someones faults to another who had no need of knowing

Calumny

Lying about someone so others will make false judgments

Lying

To speak or act against the truth in order to lead someone into error

What are the two important traits that any sexual act should have?

They should be both unitive and procreative.

What is the current Catholic teaching on war?

Historican teachings must be met for a war to be permissible : threatened damage must be lasting, grave, and certain, last resort- all other means shown to be ineffective, must consider human rights, serious prospects of success, and use of arms must produce greater evils than those to be eliminates

Is capital punishment permissible, according to the Catholic perspective?

capital punishment is inadmissible because it violates the inherent dignity of the human person.

(Essay) Original sin disrupted four relationships for Adam and Eve, and by extension, for humankind. List these relationships and explain how each was disrupted by original sin.

The four relationships disrupted by original sin are: 1) Humans and God, their close communion and trust were replaced by spiritual death, fear, guilt, and shame. Instead of running toward God, they hid from His presence and attempted to shift blame.; 2) Humans and one another, The pure, self-giving love and mutual reverence between man and woman were corrupted by selfishness, trust was broken, finger pointing 3) Humans and themselves, The inner unity and integration between the human soul and body—along with the powers of the mind, will, and emotions—were fractured, self consciousness ; and 4) Humans and the natural world : The natural world was subjected to corruption. Instead of cooperative abundance, humanity now faces a hostile environment filled with weeds, thistles, backbreaking labor, and natural disasters.

Ignorance

Lack of knowledge

Inadvertence

Inattention or lack of intention

Duress

Force, threats, or pressure

Inordinate attachments

dependence or addiction