World Civilizations

Which country was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?

Great Britain had coal, iron, capital, workers, markets, and transportation advantages.

Who improved the Steam Engine?

James Watt improved the efficiency of the Steam Engine.

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?

Adam Smith supported free markets, competition, and limited government interference.

What was the proletariat?

The proletariat consisted of wage-earning industrial workers.

What was the purpose of the Stamp Act?

The Stamp Act of 1765 taxed printed materials in Britain’s American colonies.

What event symbolized the beginning of the French Revolution?

The Bastille was stormed on July 14, 1789.

Who was the leader of the Haitian Revolution?

Toussaint L’ouverture was a major leader of the Haitian Revolution.

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

European powers wanted to restore monarchies and maintain a balance of power.

Who led modernization efforts in Egypt?

Muhammad Ali modernized Egypt’s military, economy, and government.

What was the Treaty of the Nanking?

The 1842 treaty forced China to grant Britain major trade concessions.

Who led the Taiping Rebellion?

Hong Xiuquan led the rebellion against the Qing dynasty.

Who helped liberate northern South America?

Bolívar helped liberate Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and other territories.

What happened in Brazil in 1822?

Prince Pedro declared Brazil independent in 1822.

Who was Maximilian?

Maximilian was installed as emperor of Mexico with French support.

What did the Berlin Conference accomplish?

European powers established rules for claiming African territory, accelerating colonization.

Who was King Leopold II?

Leopold exploited the Congo for rubber and ivory.

What was the Sepoy Rebellion?

The uprising began among the Indian soldiers serving the East India Company in 1857.

Who was Otto von Bismarck?

Bismarck used Realpolitik, diplomacy, and wars to unify Germany.

What was the Meiji Restoration?

The Meiji Restoration began in 1868 and transformed Japan into a modern industrial power.

What did Karl Marx believe was a major source of conflict in capitalist society?

Marx argued that conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat drove historical change.