Art History Midterm

Relief cut

carved into
ink that sitps upon rissed areas
raised area goes onto paper

examples of relief

woodcut

linocut

Intaglio

use sharp tool to create incized areas on copper plate
ink pushed down into incised areas

intaglio examples

engraving

drypoint

etching

Lithography

porous stone

artist draw w/waxy crayon
seal chemically w/oil to close pores then wax remove to show porous stone

Screenprinting

women mesh screen spread across a stencil to transfer ink onto other object

Nomenclature

the card thing beside the painting
name, title, date, edition (Print #/Artwork total)

Dry Media

stick dragged over surface

wet media

pen, brush, other tools

pigment

colored material

Binder

substance allowing pigment to be shaped into sticks/suspended in liquid to adhere to surface

pencil drawing

graphite w/clayp

pastel

powerder pigment w/non grasy binder

conte crayon

pigment with crayon and grease

charcoal

charred wood, black

chalk

red white and black

baroque drwaing materials

vine/willow cahrcoal

natural

red

white

wet media baroque drawing materials

quill pen you ink
brush and ink chalk

wash

inkdiluted water

radiograph

tool for technical drawing/lines

when was the high renissance

1500 CE

Encaustic

pigment suspended in hot wax

what oil is used in art

linseed oil

tempera

made with egg yolk
have to use small amount
during middle ages
hard to blend
make fresh everyday
use one color at a time

wood panel

can warp
hard to move around
need to be in a good weather condition so doesn’t warp

Canvas

fabric
easy to get
can make as big as u want
lightweight
cheap

Fresco

pigment painted directly into wet plaster (dry and seal)
pigment inside
charge something Than remove plaster and completely restart

watercolor

type of pigment in water soluble vehicle

mosaics

tiny colored class and gold leaf pieces
places into wet cement
during roman period →lost after fall of roman empire→picked up again in the Renaissance era
added depth/believable 3D

Hypostle Hall

large hall erected in post and lintel construction

drum of column

different individual sections of columns
like beads threaded onto a pole

Colonnade

long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often standing, or part of the building

Dome

can be placed on a drum base
is an arch repeated that spins on an axis

pantheon

made in 118-26 CE (2000 years ago)

temple of gods/ church

made to connect heaven w/earth

marble corinthian columns are smooth = no drums

bronze doors

radial building

central point of building is midway

flase windows

dome dependant on concrete

originally has sculptuers of gods and kings

pantheon oculus

only light source

lowkey a way to tell time

if rain comes in then there is a drain at the bottom

barrel vault

continuouts arch along a given path (tunnel-like ceiling)

groin vault

intersection/cross vault

two barrel vaults

cast iron construction

after industrial revolution

iron framework “clothed in glass skin”

In the round

freestanding sculptures that can be viewd from any angler

relief sculpture

forms that project attatched to a background

low relief

figures project slightly

high relief

figure projects boldly from background

Additive sculpture

adding to make a sculpture

modeling and assembling

subtractive sculpture

carving by starting w a mass and takeing away material

casting

liquid or semi-liquid poured into a mold and hardened

lost wax casting

ancient and common method for casting metal

contrapposto

counterpoise/counterbalance

sculpture’s body set in a gentle s-shaped curve through a play of opposites
leaning on one foot w/hip out

ceramics

making objects from clay, renewable resouces, kiln needs to be 1200 to 2700 degrees farenheit

3 ceramic methods

coil
slab
wheelE

Earthwork

work of art made for specific place using natural materials found there

Installation

artist modify a space in some way then ask the viewer to enter, explore

Glass

typically transparent or translucent, made by fusin sand with soda, lime, and other materialsst
poured into molds and blown to create shapes

stained glass

glass colored, enameled, painted, or stained

encaustic

uses hot wax mized with damar resin and colored pigments

Matrix

what is used with ink to hold the image that makes up the print
can be in etching and engraving or a woodblock in woodcut

Terracotta

2000 years ago
unearthed from tomb in China
can tell rank by their warmor
king died then burried with his army but too bad so terracotta figures substituted
colors: bright red, pink, blue, green → stuck to soil when removed
purple → from a chemical reaction only found in China in Qin Dynasty Times

Manuscript

hand written text

When and where for manuscripts created

4th century BCE on papyrus in the roman empire through the Middle Ages and Renaissance - 500-1600 CE

Parchment

writing and drawing material made from the scraped and stretched skin of an animal

2 weeks

illumination

rich artistic decoration found in historical manuscripts

created on parchment

Scribe

ancient writter/copyist

quill

writing tool made from a feather of a large bird

historated initial

enlarged letter at beginning of a paragraph
picture inside as a story for religious figures and biblical scenes, authors, mythological or secular figures

Book of Kells

created around 800 CE, medival 9th century

Iona Scotland in columban monastery but moved to abbey of kells in Country Meath Ireland

materials used for the book of kells

parchment
iron Gall Ink and Carbon Black Ink
Gold and silver leaf
quill pens
vibrant Pigments

scriptorium

a room in a medieval monastery dedicated to the writing, copying and illuminating of manuscripts by monks

Gospel book

medival manuscript including the 4 gospels
highly deco and illuminated as sacred objects

Artists book

book designed and sometimes entirely handmade by the artist themselves.

book arts

broader artistic field and practice dedicated to creating works that lwk might not look like a book

how many book arts does BU have

2,400 works

Binding

outer over a structural stiching to hold adhesive togetherc

calligraphy

decorative, artistic, or stylized handwriting rendered with a pen, brush, or quill

facsimilie

exact high quality reproduction or copy of an original historical manu, doc, or artowrkg

gold leaf

this sheets of beaten gold used to gild and deco

illuminated initial

enlarged capital letter at the beginning of a text

DOES NOT contain a narrative scene

medieval

relating to the middle ages, historical period in Europe spanning from the 5th to the late 15th century

middle ages

fall of Roman Empire at the beginning of the Renaissance

monastery

building or complex where a community of monks or religious individuals live, work, and study

pigment

finely ground powder mized a w binder to create colored paints or inks

accordian fold

book structure w/continuous sheet of paper folded back and forth in alt directionsa

altered book

book modified into new art piece

found object

natural/manufactured object used by artist in work of art but barely modified

letterpress

relief printing, inked surface of metal or wood type is pressed into paper

zine

small self published booklet

site specific work

insperable, immersive experience w/contextual meaning

glassblowing

molten glass inflated into bubble and shapped and manipulated using tools, heat, and air

glass casting

where molten or crushed gladd is poured or melted into a mold

Cam Obscura

optical device w/ dark room or box w a small hole or lens on one side that projects an inverted image of the outside scene onto a surface inside

silhouettes

image of a person, animal, or object represented as a solid shape of a single color

photography

art application and practice of creating durable images by recording lightd

daguerreotype

early photogrpahic process by Louis Daguerre in 1839
produced a unique highly detailed image on a silver plated copper sheet

Exposure

light that is allowed to fall on a photographic sensor or film during the process of taking a picturero

roll film

flexible transparent plastic film coated w light sensitive emulsion

invention and development of photography in the 1800s

historical period spanning from ealy expieriments to late 19th century
transforms visual culture through chemical image captureph

photography as an artistic medium

began in 19th century and early 20th century

rise of amateaur photography

late 19th century
pg became accesible to everyday ppl rather than just professional scientists and studio artistde

development of snapshot photography

capture everyday momentsmo

motion study

by Eadweard Muybridge
used to breakdown and anlyze fast motions
gallop horse thing
focused visual analysis of movement captured through high-speed photographic exposre sequences

Kodak No.1 Camera

box type camera - press button and do the rest
by George Eastman

Brownie Camera

low priced
highly popular cardboard box xamera
eastman Kodak in 1900