Acids and solutions 1

Strong acid definition

An acid that dissociates completely in a solution

Weak acid definition

An acid that dissociates only partially in a solution

Alkali definition

A type of base that dissolves in water forming OH^- ions

Base definition

A compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt

Salt definition

The product of a reactiuon in which the H⁺ ions from an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions

Formula using moles (mol), concentration (mol dm^-3) and volume (dm^-3)

n = c x V

Formula using moles (mol), concentration (mol dm^-3) and volume (cm^-3)

n = c x V/1000

Product of acid + base

Salt + water

Product of acid + metal

Salt + hydrogen

Product of acid + carbonate

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

How to prepare standard solution for titration

1. Weigh out the desired mass of the solid to go in the solution using a weighing boat, and record the mass to 2 d.p.
2. Transfer the solid to a glass beaker, rinsing any remaining solide from the weighing boat using deionised water, and then add more deionised water to the beaker and stir using a glass rod until the solid is completely dissolved
3. Place a funnel at the neck of a 250cm³ volumetric flask, pour the solution into it and rinse the beaked and glass rod will deionised water to ensure all the solution enters the volumetric flask
4. Continue to fill the volumetric flask with deionised water until it is a few cm below the calibration line, then using a pipette, add more deionised water a drop at a time until the meniscus is directly on the calibration line, ensuring your eye is level with the mark to prevent parallax error
5. Insert a stopper into the volumetric flask and invert it repeatedly to mix the solution thoroughly 

How to convert mol dm^-3 into g dm^-3

Multiply the mol dm^-3 by Mr of the compound