psyc 101 final

Emotion

Transient feeling that includes physiological correlation, thoughts, and a desire to take action.

Benefits of emotions

1. Motivate action 2. Promote survival 3. Communicate feelings.

Darwin's theory of emotion

Emotions are universal across all cultures, innate, and facial expressions have a direct link to inner emotional states.

Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

A system that categorizes each emotion based on distinct muscle combinations utilized in facial expressions.

Discrete Emotions Theory

The theory that emotions are innate with specific neural and physiological reactions for each distinct emotion.

Functionalist approach

Emphasizes the context of emotions and how cognitive, social, and physical experiences interact.

Wobbly Bridge Experiment

Demonstrated the misattribution of physiological effects from different emotions.

Positive emotions in infants

Include smiling and happiness, with social smiles appearing at around 6 weeks.

Self-conscious emotions

Emotions that require a sense of self and understanding of others' reactions, such as guilt and shame.

Mirror or Rouge task

A test to determine a child's sense of self using a mirror and red makeup.

Attachment

A close, enduring emotional bond to caregivers.

Bowlby's 4 phases of attachment

1. Pre-attachment 2. Attachment-in-the-making 3. Clear cut attachment 4. Reciprocal relationships.

Securely attached

Children who effectively use the parent as a secure base and show moderate distress when separated.

Parenting styles

Include Authoritarian, Permissive, Authoritative, and Rejecting-Neglecting styles.

Mindset theories

1. Fixed 2. Growth: beliefs about the nature of learning and intelligence.

Kohlberg's theory of gender

1. Identity 2. Stability 3. Constancy regarding children's understanding of gender.

Social learning theory

Children learn what is appropriate for their gender through observation and imitation.

Friendship changes in childhood

Discontinuous (qualitative change in perspective taking) and continuous (quantitative change in expression).

Piaget's Theory

Development occurs in stages, where a child’s understanding is limited by their developmental stage.

Vygotsky's perspective

Emphasizes the role of cultural and social contexts in a child’s development, highlighting scaffolding in learning.