Shoulder Goniometer ROM

shoulder FLX

axis: acromion process

stationary: mid axillary line

movement: lateral epicondyle

Normal ROM: 0-180

compensations: shoulder hiking, momentum, trunk EXT, IPL cervical SB

muscles involved: anterior delt, pec major, long head of biceps, coracobrachialis

shoulder EXT

axis: acromion process

stationary: mid axillary line

movement: lateral epicondyle

normal ROM: 0-60

compensations: trunk FLX, momentum

muscles invovled: post delt, lats, teres major, and long head of triceos

shoulder ABD

axis: anterior aspect of acromion process

stationary: parallel with anterior mdline of sternum

movement: medial midline of humerus

normal ROM: 0-180

compensations: trunk SB, IPL cervical SB, momentum, shoulder hike

muscles involved: supraspinatis and deltoids

shoulder ER

axis: olecronon

stationary: parallel with floor (AROM) or perpendicular to floor (PROM)

movement: ulnar styloid process

normal ROM: 0-90

compensations: trunk ROT, ABD, elbow EXT(AROM) or anterior migration of humerus (PROM)

muscles involved: infraspinatis, teres minor, post delt

shoulder IR (only measured in PROM)

axis: olecronon

stationary: perpendicular to floor

movement: ulnar styloid process

normal ROM: 0-70

compensations: anterior migration of scapula

muscles involved: subscapularis, pec major, lats, teres major