Chp 7 HW, Quiz, + Evaluations - Biology

Form Gametes

The PURPOSE of Meiosis is to ____

Locus

The ____ is the Location of a Gene on a Chromosome

Crossing Over

_________ creates Genetic Diversity at Prophase I when Homologous Chromosomes Synapse then exchange Genetic Variation

Anaphase I

Which Phase of Meiosis is described? Homologous Chromosomes w/ their Duplicated Chromatids Separate & Move to the Opposite Ends of a cell.

Sex Chromosomes

Chromosomes found in set 23 of a Human are considered ____

Oogenesis

In the Process of _____, 3 Polar Bodies form while One other cell is able to be Fertilized

A Trisomy in Chromosome Set 21

Down Syndrome is CAUSED by _____

Metaphase II

Which Phase of Meiosis is Described? The Attached Sister Chromatids LINE UP at the Equatorial Plate

Centromeres ; Kinetochores

______ hold Sister Chromatids TOGETHER & Spindle Fibers attach to ____ proteins

Independent Assortment

The Term when Sister Chromatids SEPARATE at Anaphase II is called the Law of _____

Nondisjunction

The FAILURE of Chromosomes to Separate in Meiosis is called _____

2 Haploid cells

Meiosis I ENDS with?

Anaphase I

Which Phase of Meiosis involves Homologous Chromosomes, with their Sister Chromatids, Separating to Opposite Ends of the Cell?

Autosomes (Any of the Non-Sex Chromosomes)

Chromosomes found in Sets 1 to 22 of a Human are considered _____

2 Haploid Cells

Meiosis I ENDS with?

Spermatogenesis ; Haploid

In the Process of _____, 4 _____ Sperm Cells FORM

A Trisomy in Chromosome Set 21

Down Syndrome is caused by _____

Metaphase II

Which Phase of Meiosis is Described? The Sister Chromatids LINE UP in the Center of the Cell

Centromeres ; Kinetochore

____ hold Sister Chromatids Together & Spindle Fibers Attach to ______ Proteins

Sexual Reproduction results in GREATER Genetic Variation in the Offspring

What is the Likely Evolutionary Advantage of Sexual Reproduction OVER Asexual Reproduction?

4 Haploid

Meiosis produces ____ Daughter cells

Karyotype

The Number & Appearance of an Individual’s Chromosome is called a _____

Alteration of Generations

Which Type of Life Cycle has BOTH a Haploid & Diploid Multicellular Stages such as in ferns?

Aneuploid

An ERROR in Chromosome Numbers including Deletions & Duplications of Chromosomes are called a ______ Condition

Monosomy

The Lack of One Chromosome in a Diploid Condition is called ____

Making New Cells

What are Mitosis & Meiosis BOTH Involved in Doing?

Mitosis

Which Process makes Somatic Cells?

2n

Mitosis & Meiosis BEGINS with a ____ cell

92

If your 46 Chromosomes UNDERGO DNA Replication in Interphase, how many Total Chromatids will result after the process is completed?

Meiosis I Prophase I

Which Process & Phase will you find CROSSING OVER?

Meiosis I, Anaphase I

Which Process & Phase will Homologous Chromosomes be Separated from Each other by Spindle Fibers?

Cytokinesis

What follows AFTER Telophase in Mitosis, Meiosis I, & Meiosis II?

2 Diploid Cells that are Genetically IDENTICAL

Which Characteristics describe the Cells at the END of Mitosis?

4 Haploid Cells that are Genetically UNIQUE

Which Characteristics describe the Cells at the END of Meiosis II?

1. Anaphase II (Meiosis)

2. Anaphase of Mitosis

Which Process or Processes cause the Centromeres to DISSOLVE?

(Meiosis I) Prophase I

Crossing Over occurs during

I (Metaphase I & Anaphase I)

Independent Assortment occurs in Meiosis ___. Homologous Chromosomes line up randomly along the Metaphase Plate

Anaphase I

Homologous Chromosomes separate in ____ of Meiosis (1 or II)

Anaphase II (Meiosis I & II)

The Centromere splits at ____.

1. 2 haploid Cells

2. 4 haploid Cells

How many cells result from Meiosis I & II? What is their Ploidy Level? (haploid or diploid)

1. Different

2. Meiosis produces 4 Genetically Different Daughter cells b/c they receive unique combinations of genes & each has half the parent cell’s chromosome number

Are the Meiosis Daughter Cells Identical or Different? Why?

1. Crossing Over

2. Independent Assortment

What Two Things happen during Meiosis I Prophase I to increase Genetic Diversity?

Sexual

Meiosis is only used during _____ Reproduction

1. Anaphase II (Meiosis)

2. Anaphase (Mitosis)

The Centromeres divide during what phase of Meiosis? What phase of Mitosis?

Fail to Separate Properly

Nondisjunction occurs when Homologous Chromosomes (Meiosis I) or Sister Chromatids (Meiosis II) _____

Karyotype

Pictures of Chromosomes of a human is called a _____

1. Length

2. Genes

Homologous Chromosomes are the same ___ & have ___ located at the same loci

Trisomy

Down Syndrome results when there is ____ at Chromosome 21 producing 3 Chromosomes