ANSC 221 Exam 2 Study Guide

What compartment of the cow's stomach corresponds to the stomach of the dog?

Abomasum

What is a spot in the esophagus of the bird for food storage called?

Crop

What compartment of the cow's stomach is nicknamed the "honeycomb," helps in regurgitation, and may trap foreign material like wire?

Reticulum

What organ produces enzymes for digesting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and also produces hormones that control blood sugar level?

Pancreas

Where in the horse and rabbit does fermentation of cellulose to VFA's occur?

Cecum

Where is bile produced?

Liver

What is the organ called in chickens that corresponds to the stomach of the pig?

Proventriculus

Where does most of the VFA formation and absorption take place in the cow?

Rumen

Where in the chicken does particle size reduction take place, replacing the action of teeth?

Gizzard

What compartment of the cow's stomach keeps feed particles from moving on too quickly until fermentation is complete or particle size is small enough?

Omasum

Which of the following is most correct?

Food doesn't move through the pancreas, enzymes from there are secreted into the small intestine

What does amylase digest?

amylose

Carboxypeptidase and chymotrypsin

are secreted from the pancreas to digest protein

The function of bile is to

emulsify fats

Intrinsic factor is needed to

absorb Vitamin B12

The hormones that help control the digestive process

CCK (cholecystokinin), Secretin, and Gastrin

Urea is a source of NPN that can substitute for protein in ruminant diets

True

Gas is released from the rumen by a process called

eructation

What factor has the most influence on the Biological Value of a feed

amino acid pattern

To have a high biological value a protein must have a high digestibility

False

If a protein has a high digestibility it will have a high biological value

False

Protein that enters the rumen is of two types, DIP and UIP. Which of the two is it more important that it have a good amino acid balance?

UIP

A bomb calorimeter is used to

determine energy content

TDN is most like

DE

NIRS is used in animal nutrition for

rapidly estimating the components in feed

Which of the following are in the category: grains fed to animals?

Grain sorghum, corn, oats

Corn gluten meal can be fed to chickens, pigs, dogs and other animals but what is a reason to feed it to chickens that would not apply to feeding it to pigs or dogs?

It contains xanthophyls that add color to egg yolks and flesh making it appealing

What is Opaque-2 corn?

corn with more lysine

Why is fat used more efficiently than carbohydrate in summer when temperatures are hot?

heat increment of fat is lower

Which feed is very small, often white round seed that is common in bird-seed mixes?

Millet

Which feed often contains gossypol?

cottonseed

Which feed is most commonly used as the starting point for making beer, the byproduct of which makes good dairy cattle feed?

Barley

Which feed was likely in the diet causing problems resulting in the Salem Witch trials in early American history?

Rye

Which feed needs to be toasted to destroy trypsin inhibitor?

Soybean

Which grain has a standard weight of 32 pounds/bushel?

Oats

Which feed is lower in energy, has a very loose hull and is often fed to horses and young animals to get them started on feed?

Oats

Which grain often contains tannin which must be processed to remove, or counteracted?

Grain sorghum (milo)

Which grain has a standard weight of 60 pounds/bushel?

Wheat

Which feed takes abundant amounts of water to grow, has a long growing season, and is mostly fed to people, not animals?

Rice

What is the name of a mycotoxin that has estrogenic activity?

zearalenone

What is the name of the organism that produces a mycotoxin that has estrogenic activity?

fusarium roseum (GIB)

What is the name of a deadly, carcinogenic mycotoxin?

aflatoxin

What fungus produces a deadly, carcinogenic mycotoxin?

aspergillus flavus

What organism produces a toxin that has very strong feed refusal effects on pigs?

fusarium roseum (GIB)

What organism produces the mycotoxin that especially kills horses?

fusarium moniliforme

What is the name of a mycotoxin that has very strong feed refusal effects on pigs?

deoxynivalenol

What is the name of a mycotoxin that kills horses especially?

fumonison

Which of the following are considered protein supplement feeds?

Soybean meal, fish meal, cottonseed meal, linseed meal

What is the main nutritional reason for feeding corn to animals?

to provide energy

Which best describes TDN?

An index of energy on a carbohydrate basis

Calculate the %DE

75

Calculate the DE in Kcal/Kg

2250

Calculate the ME in Kcal/Kg

1950

Calculate % Net Energy

61

Calculate the % Apparent Biological Value

82.14

Calculate the % True Nitrogen Digestibility

83.89

Which of the following best describes the difference in carbohydrate digestion in a pig versus a cow?

Carbohydrates in a pig are digested by digestive enzymes to sugars that are absorbed in the small intestine, while carbohydrates in a cow are mostly broken down by microbes in the rumen to VFA's that are absorbed through the rumen wall

How could 2 feeds have the same TDN value, and even the same DE value, but still be of different use to the animal due to energy?

they have different heat increments